The CIRP Encyclopedia covers the state-of-art of advanced technologies, methods and models for production, production engineering and logistics. While the technological and operational aspects are in the focus, economical aspects are addressed too. The entries for a wide variety of terms were reviewed by the CIRP-Community, representing the highest standards in research.

Table of Contents

• Preface
• A word from CIRP
• Section Editors
• About the Editors-in-Chief
• Acknowledgments
• Contributors
• 1. A
• Ability to Be Machined
• Abrasive Grains
• Abrasive Material
• Abrasive Water Jet
• Accuracy
• Accuracy of Measurement
• Activity
• Actuator
• Adaptable Manufacturing/Production
• Adaptable Production System
• Adaptive Control
• Adaptronics
• Additive Manufacturing Technologies
• Adiabatic Shearing in Metal Machining
• Adjustable Manufacturing System
• Adjustable Manufacturing/Production
• Advanced Ceramic
• Advancement
• Aerostatic Bearing
• Agent Systems
• Agent Theory
• Agent-Based Computing
• Aluminum Cast Alloys
• Aluminum Wrought Alloys
• Angular Contact Ball Bearing
• Anisotropy
• ANN
• Applications
• Arrangement
• Artificial Intelligence
• Artificial Neural Network
• Assembling
• Assembly
• Assembly Automation
• Assembly by Hand
• Assembly Facility
• Assembly Line
• Assembly Machine
• Assembly Plant
• Assembly Representation
• Assembly System
• Atomic Force Microscopy
• Atomistic Modeling
• Augmented Reality
• Autonomous Agents
• Autonomous Production Control
• Axiomatic Design
• 2. B
• Ball Bearing
• Bar Extrusion
• Bearing
• Bending (Sheets)
• Bending (Tubes, Profiles)
• Bevel Gear
• Binder
• Bond
• Bond Systems
• Bonding
• Bonding Materials
• Bridge Tooling
• Broaching
• Buffing
• Burr
• Business Management
• 3. C
• CAD
• CAM
• Capacity Planning
• CAPP
• Carbide
• CAT
• CBN
• Cemented Carbides
• Centerless Grinding
• Ceramic Cutting Tools
• Ceramic Machining Tool
• Ceramic/Metal Mixture
• Ceramic-and-Metal Composite
• Ceramic-Metal Bond
• Ceramics
• Cermets
• Chaku-Chaku Line
• Chamfer
• Changeable Manufacturing
• Changeable Manufacturing Systems
• Charge
• Chatter
• Chatter Prediction
• Chemical Machining
• Chip Breakability
• Chip Breaking
• Chip Formation
• Chip Formation (Abrasive Process)
• Chip-Forms
• Chip-forms, Chip Breakability and Chip Control
• CHM
• CIM
• Cladistics
• Cladistics for Products and Manufacturing
• Clamping System
• Clean Production
• Cleaner Production
• Closed-Die-Forging
• CNC
• Coated Tools
• Co-Creation
• Co-development of Manufacturing (Production) Systems
• Coevolution of Manufacturing Systems
• Cold Bulk Forming
• Cold Extrusion
• Cold Forging
• Combination
• Complexity in Manufacturing
• Complexness
• Composite Materials
• Composites
• Computational Intelligence
• Computed Axial Tomography
• Computed Tomography
• Computer Numerical Control
• Computer-Aided Design
• Computer-Aided Industry
• Computer-Aided Manufacturing
• Computer-Aided Process Planning
• Computer-Aided Tomography
• Computer-Assisted Manufacturing
• Computer-Integrated Manufacturing
• Computerized Tomographic Imaging
• Computerized Tomography
• Computerized Transverse Axial Scanning
• Conceptual Design
• Condition Monitoring
• Constraints
• Construction
• Contact Length
• Continuous Cutting of Bevel Gears
• Control
• Control System
• Coolant
• Cooling Lubricants
• Coordinate Measuring Machine
• Coordinating
• Corporate Management
• Corporate Social Responsibility
• Correctness
• Cost
• Creation
• Cubic Boron Nitride
• Customer Requirements
• Cut Ability
• Cutting Edge Geometry
• Cutting Edge Influence on Machining Titanium Alloy
• Cutting Fluid
• Cutting Force Modeling
• Cutting Forces
• Cutting Forces Model
• Cutting Lubricant
• Cutting of Carbon Steel
• Cutting of Fiber-Reinforced Plastics
• Cutting of High-Alloyed Steel and Stainless Steel
• Cutting of Inconel and Nickel Base Materials
• Cutting Oil
• Cutting Property
• Cutting Temperature
• Cutting Tools
• Cutting, Fundamentals
• Cylindrical Gear
• 4. D
• 3D Printing
• Damping
• Decentralized Manufacturing
• Decision Making
• Decision Process
• Decision Support Tools
• Deep Drawing
• Deep Hole Drilling with Small Diameters
• Deformation
• Deformation (Dislocations)
• Demands
• Demounting
• Design Methodology
• Design Verification
• Detail Design
• Deviation of Form
• Diamond
• Diamond Machining
• Diamond Turning
• Die Forging
• Direct Tooling
• Disassembling
• Disassembly
• Disbursement
• Dispersed Manufacturing
• Disposing
• Dissipation
• Distributed Manufacturing
• Distributed Production
• Drawing (Wire, Tube)
• Dressing
• Drill Milling
• Drilling
• Drive Control
• Drop Forging
• Ductile Cast Iron
• Ductile-Regime Grinding
• Dynamics
• 5. E
• Early Design
• Eco-efficiency
• EDM
• Electric Discharge Machining
• Electro Discharge Machining
• Electrochemical Deposition
• Electrochemical Surface Finishing
• Electroforming
• Electrolytic Deposition
• Electromagnetic Bearing
• Electromagnetically Levitated Spindle
• Electron Beam Cutting
• Electron Beam Drilling
• Electron Beam Machining
• Electron Beam Processing
• Electron Beam Removing
• Electron Beam Welding
• Electron Pulse
• Electroplating
• ELID-Grinding
• Ellipsometry
• Elongating
• Emergent Synthesis
• Emulation
• End-of-Service Life
• End-of-Use
• Energy Density
• Energy Efficiency
• Energy per Unit Mass
• Engagement Conditions
• Engineering Ceramic
• Environmental Cost-Effectiveness
• Environmental Impact
• Environmental Impact Assessment
• Environmental Improvement Cost
• Environmental Intensity of Production
• Environmental Issue
• Environmental Productivity
• Environmentally Benign Manufacturing
• EOL Treatment
• EOSL
• EOU
• ERP Enterprise Resource Planning
• Error
• Error of Measurement
• Etching
• Eutectic Bonding
• Eutectic Soldering
• Exactitude
• Exactness
• Expenditure
• Expense
• Expert Systems
• Extension
• Extreme Precision
• Extrusion
• Extrusion of Sections
• 6. F
• Fabrication
• Facility Planning
• Factory
• Factory Design
• Factory Planning
• Feed Drives
• Feedback Control System
• Fine Boring
• Fine Ceramic (Japan)
• Fine Finishing of Holes
• Fine Grinding
• Finite Element Method
• Fitting
• Five-Axis
• Five-Axis Tool Path Generation
• Flexibility
• Flexible Manufacturing System
• Flexible Manufacturing Systems
• Flow Forming
• Flow of Materials
• Flow Stress, Flow Curve
• FMS
• Folding (for 180° Bends in Thin Materials Only)
• Force-Based Feedrate Scheduling
• Forced Vibration
• Form Deviation
• Form Error
• Formability (Damage)
• Forming Limit
• Forming Presses (Hydraulic, Mechanical, Servo)
• Forming Tools (Die, Punch, Blank Holder)
• Free Abrasive Machining
• Functional Correlation
• Functional Specifications
• Fuzzy Logic
• 7. G
• Gear Hobbing
• Gear Cutting
• Gear Grinding
• Gear Manufacturing
• Geometric Modeling of Machining
• Green Manufacturing
• Grinding
• Grinding Fluids
• Grinding Monitoring
• Grinding Parameters
• Grinding Tool
• Grinding Wheel
• Grinding Wheel Preparation
• Groove Milling
• 8. H
• Handling
• Hard Cutting
• Hard Drilling
• Hard Gear Finishing
• Hard Machining
• Hard Material Cutting
• Hard Material Machining
• Hard Material Removal
• Hard Metal
• Hard Milling
• Hard Part Turning
• Hard Turning
• Heat Partitioning in Dry Milling
• Heating with Electromagnetic Induction
• Helical Drilling
• Helical Milling
• Hierarchical Classification
• High Performance Cutting
• High Precision Machining
• High Speed Cutting
• High Speed Machining
• High-Performance Abrasives
• Holonic Manufacturing Systems
• Honed Cutting Edges
• Honing
• Hot Forging
• Hot Forming
• Hot Joining
• HPC
• HSC
• HSK
• HSM
• Human-Machine Collaboration
• Human-Machine Interaction
• Hybrid Bearing
• Hybrid Cutting
• Hydrodynamic Bearing
• Hydrodynamic Spinning
• Hydroforming (Sheets and Tubes)
• Hydrostatic Bearing
• 9. I
• Impact Forging
• Improvement
• Incremental Forming
• Indexing Cutting of Bevel Gears
• Indirect Tooling
• Induction Heating
• Inductive Heating
• Industrial Product-Service System
• Industrial Robot
• Information Management
• In-Process Inspection
• Inspection (Assembly)
• Inspection (Precision Engineering and Metrology)
• Installation
• Integration
• Interactive Manufacturing
• Interferometric Measurement
• Interferometric Metrology
• Interferometry
• Internal Logistics
• Interpolation
• Ion Beam Etching
• Ion Beam Machining
• Ion Beam Smoothing
• 10. K
• Kinematic Chain
• Knowledge Engineering
• Knowledge Management
• Knowledge-Based Methods
• Knowledge-Based System
• 11. L
• Lapping
• Laser Ablation
• Laser Beam Machining
• Laser Beam Processing
• Laser Beam Welding
• Laser Pulse
• Laser Welding
• Laser-Assisted Cutting
• Laser-Assisted Machining
• Laser-Assisted Milling
• Laser-Assisted Turning
• Lathe
• Layered Manufacturing
• Layout Planning
• LBW
• Learning Organization
• Life Cycle Cost
• Life Cycle Cost Analysis
• Life Cycle Engineering
• Life Cycle Management
• Linkage Model
• Locating
• Logistic Curves
• Logistics
• Loose Abrasive Machining
• 12. M
• Machinability
• Machinability of Aluminum and Magnesium Alloys
• Machinability of Carbon Steel
• Machinability of Carbon-Fiber-Reinforced and GLARE Materials
• Machinability of High-Alloyed Steel and Stainless Steel
• Machinability of Non-rusting Steel
• Machinability of Unalloyed Steel
• Machine
• Machine Tool
• Machine Tool Vibrations
• Machining of CFRP and Composite Materials
• Machining of Spheroidal Ductile Iron
• Macro Geometry
• Magnetic Bearing
• Magnetic Spindle
• Main Spindle
• Maintenance
• Management of Production Enterprises
• Manipulating Industrial Robot
• Man–Machine Cooperation
• Manual Assembly
• Manufacturing
• Manufacturing by Material Removal
• Manufacturing Plant
• Manufacturing System
• Manufacturing Technology
• Mass Customization
• Material Flow
• Material Handling
• Material Recovery
• Material Removal Processes
• Material Transfer
• Material Transport
• Matrix
• MD
• Measurement Accuracy
• Measurement Engineering
• Measurement Error
• Measurement Technique
• Measurement Uncertainty
• Mechanical Machining
• Mechanical Micromachining
• Mechanism
• Mechatronics
• Metaheuristic Twist Drill Optimization
• Metal Cutting Temperature
• Metal Forming Die
• Metal Forming Tool
• Metal Spinning
• Metalworking Fluid
• Metalworking Fluids
• Metrology
• Micro Deep Hole Drilling
• Micro End Mill
• Micro Geometry
• Micro Tool
• Micro-drilling
• Microgrinding
• Microhoning
• Micromachining
• Micromanufacturing
• Micro-milling
• Micro-turning
• Microwave Radiation
• Microwave Sources
• Mill
• Milling Machine
• Milling of Titanium
• Mock-Up
• Modeling of Face Milling
• Modeling of Face Milling Operations
• Modeling of Face Milling Processes
• Modular Design
• Modularity in Design
• Molecular Dynamics
• Molecular Dynamics for Cutting Processes
• Monetary Value
• Monitoring
• Monitoring Algorithm
• Monitoring Strategy
• Monitoring System
• Motion Control System
• Mounting
• Moving Materials
• Multi-agent System
• 13. N
• NC Simulation
• Neural Models
• Neural Network
• New Product Development
• Nodular Cast Iron
• Nozzle Design
• 14. O
• Offline Feedrate Scheduling Via Force Control
• Open Architecture
• Open Control System
• Open-Die-Forging
• Operation
• Operations Research
• Optimization
• Optimization in Manufacturing
• Optimization in Manufacturing Systems, Fundamentals
• Orbital Drilling
• Orbital Milling
• Organization
• Orthotropy
• Overhaul
• 15. P
• Parameter Adaptive
• PcBN
• PCM
• Performance
• Personalization
• Photochemical machining
• Physical Vapor Deposition (PVD)
• Pipe Bending
• Placing
• Plain Water Jet
• Planning
• Plasma-Assisted Coating in Vacuum
• Plastic Displacement
• Plastic Squeeze Out
• Ploughing (in Grinding)
• Plowing
• Polishing
• Posing
• Positioning
• Power Spinning
• PPC
• Preciseness
• Precision
• Precision Grinding
• Precision Machining
• Precision Machining of Holes
• Preparation
• Press Machines
• Preventative Maintenance
• Price
• Proactive Maintenance
• Procedure
• Process
• Process Chain Configuration
• Process Chain Design
• Process Chain Optimization
• Process Chain Redesign
• Process Optimization via Feedrate Scheduling in Milling
• Process Parameters
• Process Stability Analysis
• Product Architecture
• Product Development
• Product Life Cycle Management
• Product Structure
• Production
• Production Capacity
• Production Line
• Production Operating Curves
• Production Planning
• Production Planning and Control
• Production Site
• Production System
• Productivity
• Product-Service System
• Profile Bending
• Profiling
• Programming
• Prototype Tooling
• Prototyping
• Provision
• PSC
• PSS
• Pulse
• Pure Water Jet
• 16. Q
• Quality
• Quality Assurance
• Quality Control
• 17. R
• Rapid Tooling
• Rayleigh-Ritz-Galerkin Methods
• Reaming
• Rebuild
• Reconditioning
• Reconfigurable Manufacturing System
• Recycling
• Reengineering
• Reflectance
• Reflection Coefficient
• Reflectivity
• Reform
• Refurbishing
• Remanufacturing
• Reorganization
• Repeatability
• Reprocess
• Requirement Specification
• Residual Stress (Abrasive Processes)
• Residual Stress (Forming)
• Resolution
• Resource Efficiency
• Reuse
• Re-utilize
• Reverse Engineering
• Reverse Modelling
• Robot
• Rod Drawing
• Roll Forming
• Roller Bearing
• Rotating Tool
• Roughness
• Roughness Parameter
• Roughness Relations
• Rounded Cutting Edge
• Roundness
• 18. S
• Scanning Electron Microscope
• Scanning Electron Microscopy
• Scanning Force Microscopy
• Scanning Tunneling Microscope
• Scanning Tunneling Microscopy
• Scheduling
• Schema
• Science of Measurement
• Second-Hand Use
• Section Bending
• Selective Laser Sintering
• Self-Excited Vibration
• Self-Excited Vibrations in Metal Cutting
• Semi-ductile Mode Machining
• Sensor (Assembly)
• Sensor (Machines)
• Servo Control
• Servo System
• Setting Up
• SG Iron
• Shape Deviation
• Shape Distortion
• Shape Error
• Shaping
• Shave Grinding
• Shear Forming
• Shear Spinning
• Shear Stress Modeling
• Shear/Flow Turning
• Simulation of Manufacturing Systems
• Single-Grain Chip Thickness
• SK
• Sliding Mode Control
• Slot Milling
• Slotting
• Smart Materials
• Smart Structure
• Smoothing
• Spark Erosion
• SPC
• Specific Energy
• Specific Power
• Spheroidal Graphite Iron
• Spherulitic Graphite Cast Iron
• Spindle
• Spindle Bearing
• Spinning Tool
• Springback
• Sputtering
• SQC
• Stability
• Stamping
• Statistical Mechanics
• Statistical Process Control
• Statistical Quality Control
• Stereolithography
• Storage
• Straightness
• Stress, Strain
• Stretching
• Striping-Down
• Structural Analysis
• Sublimation
• Super Precision
• Superabrasives
• Superfinishing
• Superhard Cutting Material
• Superhard Tools
• Surface and Subsurface Characteristics
• Surface and Subsurface Properties
• Surface Integrity
• Surface Parameter
• Surface Roughness
• Sustainable Development
• Sustainability
• Sustainability of Machining
• Sustainable Cutting
• Sustainable Manufacturing
• Sustainable Material Removal
• Synthesis
• System
• Systematics
• 19. T
• Taper Shank
• Task
• Technical Ceramic
• Technical Product-Service System
• Technical PSS
• Technical Specifications
• Temperature in Machining
• Temperature in Metal Cutting
• Tensile Forming
• Tensile Stress
• Tension
• Testing and Refinement
• Thermal Error
• Tolerancing
• Tolerancing (Kinematic Approach to)
• Tool
• Tool Coupling
• Tool Holder
• Tool Interface
• Tool Path Simulation
• Tool Receiver
• Tools with Thin Hard Protective Surface Films
• Tools with Thin Hard Protective Surface Layers
• Total Cost of Ownership
• Total Life Cycle Management
• Traceability
• Trajectory Generation
• Transducers
• Transportation
• Transportation Planning
• TS
• Tube Bending
• Tungsten Carbide
• Turning Machine
• Turning with Rotary Tools
• Twist Drill Geometry Optimization
• 20. U
• U-Line
• Ultraprecision
• Ultraprecision Cutting
• Ultraprecision Finishing
• Ultraprecision Grinding
• Ultraprecision Machining
• Ultra-small Micro End Mills
• Ultrasonic-Assisted Machining
• Ultrasonic-Assisted Turning
• Uncertainty of Measurement
• Unconventional Actuator
• Use-Based Maintenance
• U-Shaped Line
• USM Mills
• 21. V
• Vaporization
• Vibration
• Virtual Environments
• Virtual Joint Tolerancing
• Virtual Link Tolerancing
• Virtual Machining
• Virtual Reality
• 22. W
• Water-Based Cutting Fluid
• Water-Jet Cutting
• Water-Miscible Cutting Fluid
• Wear
• Wear Causes
• Wear Mechanisms
• Wear Phenomena
• Welding
• What-If Design
• Whole-Life Cost
• Wire Drawing
• Workability
• Working Spindles
• 23. X
• Chapter
• 24. Y
• Chapter