This definitive history of the modern Middle East includes significant new material covering major transformative developments over the past four years.

Table of Contents

• List of Illustrations
• Preface to the Fifth Edition
• Acknowledgments
• A Note About Place Names and Transliteration
• PART ONE THE DEVELOPMENT OF ISLAMIC CIVILIZATION TO THE EIGHTEENTH CENTURY
• Preface
• 1 The Rise and Expansion of Islam
• 2 The Development of Islamic Civilization to the Fifteenth Century
• 3 The Ottoman and Safavid Empires: A New Imperial Synthesis
• PART TWO THE BEGINNINGS OF THE ERA OF TRANSFORMATION
• Preface
• 4 Forging a New Synthesis: The Pattern of Reforms, 1789–1849
• 5 The Ottoman Empire and Egypt During the Era of the Tanzimat
• 6 Egypt and Iran in the Late Nineteenth Century
• 7 The Response of Islamic Society
• 8 The Era of the Young Turks and the Iranian Constitutionalists
• 9 World War I and the End of the Ottoman Order
• PART THREE THE STRUGGLE FOR INDEPENDENCE: THE INTERWAR ERA TO THE END OF WORLD WAR II
• Preface
• 10 Authoritarian Reform in Turkey and Iran
• 11 The Arab Struggle for Independence: Egypt, Iraq, and Transjordan from the Interwar Era to 1945
• 12 The Arab Struggle for Independence: Syria, Lebanon, and Saudi Arabia from the Interwar Era to 1945
• 13 The Palestine Mandate and the Birth of the State of Israel
• PART FOUR THE INDEPENDENT MIDDLE EAST FROM THE END OF WORLD WAR II TO THE 1970s
• Preface
• 14 Democracy and Authoritarianism: Turkey and Iran
• 15 The Middle East in the Age of Nasser: The Egyptian Base
• 16 The Middle East in the Age of Nasser: The Radicalization of Arab Politics
• 17 Israel and the Palestinians from 1948 to the 1970s
• PART FIVE THE RESURGENCE OF ISLAM: THE MIDDLE EAST FROM THE 1970s TO THE 1991 GULF WAR
• Preface
• 18 The Iranian Revolution and the Revival of Islam
• 19 Changing Patterns of War and Peace: Egypt and Lebanon in the 1970s and 1980s
• 20 The Arabian Peninsula in the Petroleum Era
• 21 The Consolidation of Authoritarian Rule in Syria and Iraq: The Regimes of Hafiz al-Asad and Saddam Husayn
• PART SIX CHALLENGES TO THE EXISTING ORDER: THE MIDDLE EAST IN THE 1990s AND 2000s
• Preface
• 22 The Palestinian Intifada and the 1991 Gulf War
• 23 A Peace so Near, a Peace so Far: Palestinian-Israeli Relations Since the 1991 Gulf War
• 24 Patterns of Continuity and Change in Turkey, Iran, and Lebanon
• 25 America's Troubled Moment in the Middle East
• 26 The 2011 Arab Uprisings
• Glossary
• Select Bibliography