David Crystal's A Dictionary of Linguistics and Phonetics has long been the standard single-volume reference for its field. Now available in its sixth edition, it has been revised and updated to reflect the latest terms in the field.

Table of Contents

• Preface to the Sixth Edition
• Acknowledgements
• List of Abbreviations
• List of Symbols
• The International Phonetic Alphabet
• A
• A
• abbreviated clause
• abbreviation (n.)
• abbreviatory (adj.)
• abducted (adj.)
• abessive (adj./n.)
• A-binding (n.)
• ablative (adj./n.) (abl, ABL)
• ablaut (n.)
• A-bound (adj.)
• abrupt (adj.)
• absolute (adj.)
• absolutive (adj./n.) (abs, ABS)
• absorption (n.)
• abstract (adj.)
• accent (n.)
• accentology, accentuation (n.)
• acceptability (n.)
• acceptable (adj.)
• access (n.)
• accessibility hierarchy
• accessible (adj.)
• accidence (n.)
• accidental gap
• accommodate (v.)
• accommodation (n.)
• accomplishment (n.)
• accusative (adj./n.) (acc, ACC)
• accusativity (n.)
• achievement (n.)
• acoustic cue
• acoustic domain analog
• acoustic feature
• acoustic phonetics
• acquire (v.)
• acquisition (n.)
• acrolect (n.)
• acronym (n.)
• across-the-board (ATB)
• actant (n.)
• action (n.)
• active (adj./n.)
• active knowledge
• activity (n.)
• actor-action-goal
• actualization (n.)
• acute (adj.)
• additive bilingualism
• address (n.)
• addressee (n.)
• adducted (adj.)
• adequacy (n.)
• adequate (adj.)
• adessive (adj./n.)
• adicity (n.)
• adjacency (n.)
• adjacency condition
• adjacency pair
• adjacent (adj.)
• adjectival (adj./n.)
• adjective (n.) (A, adj, ADJ)
• adjoin (v.)
• adjunct (n.)
• adjunction (n.)
• adjunctival (adj./n.)
• adnominal (adj./n.)
• adposition (n.)
• adstratal (adj.)
• adstratum (n.)
• adultocentric (adj.)
• adultomorphic (adj.)
• advanced tongue root
• advancement (n.)
• adverb (n.) (A, adv, ADV)
• adverb clause
• adverbial (adj./n.)
• adverb phrase
• adversative (adj./n.)
• aerometry (n.)
• affect (n.)
• affect alpha
• affected (adj.)
• affective (adj.)
• affirmative (adj./n.)
• affix (n.) (AFF)
• affixal morphology
• affixation, affix-hopping, affixing (n.), (n.), (adj.)
• affricate (n.)
• affricated, affrication (adj.),(n.)
• African-American English
• agent (n.)
• agentive (adj./n.) (AGT)
• agentive passive
• agentless (adj.)
• agglutinating, agglutination (adj.), (n.)
• agglutinative (adj.)
• AGR /‘ag/
• agrammatic speech
• agrammatism (n.)
• agree (v.)
• agreement (n.)
• airstream mechanism
• Aktionsart, Aktionsarten /aktInsat/ (n.), plural
• alethic /liθIk/ (adj.)
• algorithm (n.)
• alienability (n.)
• alienable (adj.)
• ALIGN
• alignment (n.) (ALIGN)
• allative (adj./n.) (all, ALL)
• allegro (adj.)
• allo-
• allochrone, allograph, allokine, alloseme (n.)
• allomorph, allomorphic, allomorphy (n.)(adj.),(n.)
• allonym (n.)
• allophone, allophonic, allophony (n.), (adj.), (n.)
• allophonic transcription
• allotagma (n.)
• alphabetism (n.)
• alpha notation
• alternant (n.)
• alternate, alternating (v.)(adj.)
• alternation (n.)
• alternative set
• alveolar (adj.)
• alveopalatal, alveo-palatal (adj.)
• ambifix (n.)
• ambiguity (n.)
• ambiguous (adj.)
• ambilingualism (n.)
• ambisyllabicity (n.)
• ameliorate (v.)
• amelioration (n.)
• amplitude (n.)
• anacoluthon (n.)
• analogical (adj.)
• analogy (n.)
• analysable (adj.)
• analysis-by-synthesis (n.)
• analytic (adj.)
• analyticity (n.)
• anaphor (n.)
• anaphora (n.)
• anaphoric (adj.)
• anaptyctic (adj.)
• anaptyxis /anap'tIksIs/ (n.)
• anchor (n./v.)
• anchoring (n.)
• angled brackets notation
• animate (adj.)
• anomalous sentences
• antagonistic constraints
• antecedent (n.)
• anterior (adj.)
• anteriority (n.)
• anthropological linguistics
• anthroponomastics, anthroponymy (n.)
• anthropophonics (n.)
• anticipation (n.)
• anticipatory (adj.)
• antiformant (n.)
• antipassive (adj./n.)
• antiresonance (n.)
• antonym (n.)
• antonymy (n.)
• aorist (n.) (aor, AOR)
• aoristic (adj.)
• A-over-A (adj.)
• aperiodic (adj.)
• aperture (n.)
• apex (n.)
• aphaeresis /‘fIrsIs/ (n.)
• aphesis, aphetic /‘afsIs/ (n.)/fetIk/ (adj.)
• apical (adj.), apico-
• apocope /‘pDkpi/ (n.)
• apodosis /ap‘dsIs/ (n.)
• A-position (n.)
• appellative (n.)
• appendix (n.)
• applicable, applicability (adj.),(n.)
• application (n.)
• applicational grammar
• applicative (adj./n.) (appl)
• applied linguistics
• applied stylistics
• apposition (n.)
• appositive, appositional (adj.)
• appropriate (adj.)
• appropriateness (n.)
• approximant (n.)
• aptronym (n.)
• arbitrariness (n.)
• arbitrary reference
• arboreal (adj.)
• ARC (n.)
• archaism (n.)
• archiphoneme (n.)
• archistratum (n.)
• area (n.)
• areal linguistics
• argument (n.) (A, arg)
• arity (n.)
• arrangement (n.)
• article (n.) (art)
• articulation (n.)
• articulator (n.)
• articulator-based feature theory
• articulator model
• articulatory analog
• articulatory dynamics
• articulatory kinematics
• articulatory phonetics
• articulatory phonology
• articulatory setting
• articulometer (n.)
• artificial language
• ascension (n.)
• ascriptive (adj.)
• aspect (n.) (asp)
• Aspects model/theory
• aspectual (adj.)
• aspectualizer (n.)
• aspirata, aspirate (n.)
• aspiration (n.)
• assertion (n.)
• assign (v.)
• assignment function
• assimilation (n.)
• assimilatory (adj.)
• associate (n.)
• association (n.)
• association convention
• association line
• associative (adj.)
• asterisk (n.)
• asymmetric rhythmic theory
• asyndeton (n.)
• atelic (adj.)
• atlas (n.)
• atomic phonology
• atomic proposition
• atonal language
• attenuative (adj./n.)
• attested (adj.)
• attitudes to language
• attitudinal (adj.)
• attract (v.)
• attract closest
• attribute (n.)
• attribution (n.)
• attributive (adj.)
• attrition (n.)
• audible friction
• audio-visual integration
• auditory phonetics
• auditory target
• augmentative (adj./n.) (augm)
• augmented transition network grammar
• autohyponym (n.)
• autolexical syntax
• automatic (adj.)
• automatic speech recognition
• automaton, automata (n.), plural
• autonomous (adj.)
• autonomous grid
• autonomous speech
• autosegment (n.)
• autosegmental phonology
• auxiliary (adj./n.) (aux, AUX)
• auxiliary element
• auxiliary language
• avalent (adj.)
• avoidance languages
• axiom (n.)
• axiomatic, axiomatics (adj.),(n.)
• axis (n.)
• B
• baby-talk (n.)
• Bach-Peters sentence
• back (adj.)
• backchannelling (n.)
• back-formation (n.)
• backgrounding (n.)
• backlooping (n.)
• back-reference (n.)
• bahuvrihi (adj.) /bahu‘vrihi/
• balanced bilingual
• bandwidth (n.)
• bar (n.)
• bare infinitive
• bare phrase structure
• bare plural
• barrier (n.)
• bar variable
• base (n.)
• base component
• basic expression
• basic form
• basic level
• basilect (n.)
• beat (n.)
• behaviourism (n.)
• benefactive (adj./n.) (ben, BEN)
• beneficiary (n.)
• biased constraint demotion algorithm
• biconditional (n.)
• bidialectalism (n.)
• bidialectism (n.)
• bidirectionality (n.)
• big PRO
• bijection principle (BP)
• bilabial (adj./n.)
• bilateral (adj.)
• bilingual (adj./n.)
• biliteracy (n.)
• bimoraic (adj.)
• binarity, binarism (n.)
• binary choice
• binary evaluation
• binary feature
• bind (v.)
• binding (adj./n.)
• binomial (adj./n.)
• biolinguistics (n.)
• biological linguistics
• bioprogramme/bioprogram hypothesis
• bipositionality (n.)
• biuniqueness (n.)
• bivalent (adj.)
• Black English Vernacular
• blade (n.)
• bleaching (n.)
• bleeding (adj./n.)
• blend (n.)
• blending (n.)
• block (v.)
• blocking (n.)
• block language
• Bloomfieldian (adj./n.)
• Bloomfieldianism (n.)
• Boolean (adj.)
• bootstrapping (n.)
• borrowing (n.)
• bottom-up (adj.)
• bound (adj.)
• boundary-symbol
• boundary tone
• bounded foot
• boundedness (n.)
• bounding theory
• bow-wow theory
• brace notation, bracket notation
• bracketed grid
• bracketing (n.)
• bracketing paradox
• branch (n.)
• branching (adj./n.)
• branching quantifiers
• breath group (n.)
• breathiness (n.)
• breathy (adj.)
• bridge (n.)
• broad (adj.)
• buccal (adj.)
• bunch, bunched (v.) (adj.)
• bunching (n.)
• bundle (n.)
• burst (n.)
• byname (n.)
• C
• C
• calculus (n.)
• calque (n.)
• cancellation (n.)
• candidate (n.)
• canonical (adj.)
• capacity (n.)
• cardinal (adj./n.)
• cardinal vowels
• caregiver/caretaker speech
• Cartesian linguistics
• case (n.)
• case grammar
• cataphora (n.)
• cataphoric (adj.)
• categorial grammar
• categorical perception
• categorization (n.)
• category (n.)
• category selection
• category shifting
• catenative (adj./n.)
• causal chain theory
• causative (adj./n.) (caus, CAUS)
• cavity (n.)
• c-command
• cenematics, cenetics (n.)
• ceneme (n.)
• centre (n.)
• centre-embedding
• centring diphthong
• centum language /kentam/
• chain (n.)
• CHAIN
• chain/choice (n.)
• chain condition/formation principle
• chain shift
• change from above/below
• channel (n.)
• character (n.)
• charm (n.)
• charmed, charmless (adj.)
• chart (n.)
• chart parser
• checked (adj.)
• checking (adj.)
• chereme (n.)
• cherology (n.)
• chest pulse
• child-directed speech
• child language acquisition/development
• choice (n.)
• choice function
• chômeur (n.)
• Chomsky-adjunction (n.)
• Chomskyan (adj./n.)
• Chomsky hierarchy
• chroneme (n.)
• chunk (n, v.)
• chunking (n.)
• circonstant (n.)
• circumfix (n.)
• circumscription (n.)
• citation form
• clash, clashing (v.), (n.)
• class (n.)
• class cleavage
• class dialect
• classeme (n.)
• classification, classify (n.), (v.)
• classifier (n.)
• class node
• clausal (adj.)
• clause (n.)
• clause-chaining language
• clause-mate (n.)
• clause-wall (n.)
• cleavage (n.)
• cleft sentence
• click (n.)
• cline (n.)
• clinical linguistics
• clipped form
• clipping (n.)
• clitic (n.)
• clitic-climbing, clitic-doubling (n.)
• cliticize, cliticization (v.), (n.)
• close (adj.)
• closed (adj.)
• closure (n.)
• cluster (n.)
• coalesce (v.)
• coalescence (n.)
• coalescent (adj.)
• coarticulation (n.)
• cocktail party phenomenon
• coda (n.)
• code (n.)
• code-mixing, code-switching (n.)
• codification (n.)
• codify (v.)
• cognate (adj./n.)
• cognise (v.)
• cognitive domain
• cognitive grammar
• cognitive metaphor
• cognitive semantics
• cognitivism (n.)
• cognize/cognise (v.)
• co-grammar (n.)
• coherence (n.)
• cohesion (n.)
• cohesiveness (n.)
• co-hyponym (n.)
• co-indexing (n.)
• collapse (v.)
• collective (adj.)
• colligation (n.)
• collocability (n.)
• collocation (n.)
• colouring (n.)
• combination (n.)
• combinatorial (adj.)
• comitative (adj./n.)
• command (n./v.)
• comment (n.)
• comment clause
• commissive (adj./n.)
• common (adj.)
• common core
• common ground
• communication (n.)
• communication science
• communicative (adj.)
• communicative dynamism (CD)
• commutation (n.)
• comp
• compact (adj.)
• comparative (adj.)
• comparative linguistics
• comparative method
• comparative philology
• comparative reconstruction
• comparison (n.)
• compensatory lengthening
• competence (n.)
• complement (n.) (comp)
• complementarity (n.)
• complementary (adj.)
• complementizer (n.) (Comp, COMP, C)
• complete assimilation
• complete feedback
• complex (adj.)
• complexity (n.)
• complex NP constraint
• complex preposition
• complex sentence
• complex symbol
• complex tone
• component (n.)
• componential analysis
• composite verb
• composition (n.)
• compositionality (n.)
• compound (n.)
• compound bilingualism
• comprehension (n.)
• computational linguistics
• computational system
• computer corpus
• conative (adj.)
• concatenate (v.)
• concatenation (n.)
• conceptual blending/integration
• conceptual metaphor
• conceptual processes
• concessive (adj.)
• concord (n.)
• concrete (adj.)
• condition (n.)
• conditional (adj./n.) (cond)
• conditioned (adj.)
• condition on extraction domains (CED)
• configuration (n.)
• configurational languages
• congruence (n.)
• congruity (n.)
• conjoined (adj.)
• conjugation (n.)
• conjunct (n.)
• conjunction (n.)
• conjunctive (adj.)
• connected speech
• connection (n.)
• connectionism (n.)
• connective (adj./n.) (cn, conn)
• connector (n.)
• connotation (n.)
• consequent (n.)
• consonant (n.) (C)
• consonant harmony
• conspiracy (n.)
• conspire (v.)
• constant (adj.)
• constative (adj.)
• constellation (n.)
• constituency (n.)
• constituent (n.)
• constituent-command (v.)
• constrain (v.)
• constraint (n.)
• constraint demotion algorithm
• constriction (n.)
• construction (n.)
• constructional homonymity
• constructional schema
• construe (v.)
• consultant (n.)
• contact (adj./n.)
• contact assimilation
• containment (n.)
• content (n.)
• contentive (n.)
• content word
• context (n.)
• context change potential
• context of situation
• contextualize, contextualization (v.), (n.)
• contiguity (n.)
• contiguous assimilation
• contingent extrasyllabicity
• continuant (adj.) (cont)
• continuity hypothesis
• continuous (adj.)
• contoid (n.)
• contour (n.)
• contour tone
• contraction (n.)
• contradiction (n.)
• contradictory (adj./n.)
• contrafactive (adj./n.)
• contrary (adj./n.)
• contrast (n.)
• contrastive accent
• contrastive analysis (CA)
• contrastive rhetoric
• contrastive stress
• control (n.)
• controller (n.)
• convention
• conventional implicature
• convergence (n.)
• conversational implicature
• conversational maxims
• conversational turn
• conversation analysis (CA)
• converseness (n.)
• conversion (n.)
• co-occurrence (n.)
• co-operative principle
• co-ordinate bilingualism
• co-ordinating conjunction
• co-ordination (n.)
• co-ordinator (n.)
• co-phonology (n.)
• co-production (n.)
• copula (n.)
• copy (v.)
• copying (n.)
• copy tag
• core (adj./n.)
• co-referential (adj.)
• co-representational grammar
• coronal (adj.) (cor, COR)
• coronalization (n.)
• corpus, corpora plural (n.)
• corpus-internal/-external evidence
• correctness (n.)
• correlation (n.)
• correlative (adj.)
• correspond (v.)
• correspondence (n.)
• correspondence hypothesis
• cost (n.)
• co-text (n.)
• count (adj.)
• countable (adj.)
• counter-agent (n.)
• counter-bleeding (n.)
• counter-example (n.)
• counter-factual (adj./n.)
• counter-feeding (n.)
• counter-intuitive (adj.)
• count noun
• covered (adj.)
• covert (adj.)
• CP
• C-place (n.)
• cps
• cranberry morpheme
• crash (v.)
• creak (n.)
• creaky (adj.)
• creativity (n.)
• creole (n.)
• creolization, creolize (n.), (v.)
• creoloid (n.)
• critical discourse analysis
• critical linguistics
• critical period
• crossover (adj.)
• cross-sectional (adj.)
• cryptophasia (n.)
• c-selection
• C-slot (n.)
• c-structure (n.)
• cue (n.)
• culminativity (n.)
• cultural transmission
• cumulative (adj.)
• cupping (n.)
• curly brackets
• CV phonology
• CV rule
• CV-tier (n.)
• cycle (n.)
• cyclic (adj.)
• D
• dangling participle
• dark l
• data (n.)
• dative (adj./n.)
• daughter (n.)
• daughter-adjunction (n.)
• daughter-dependency grammar (DDG)
• daughter language
• Davidsonian semantics
• deadjectival (adj.)
• death (n.)
• debuccalized (adj.)
• declaration (n.)
• declarative (adj./n.)
• declension (n.)
• declination (n.)
• decode (v.)
• deconstruction (n.)
• decreolization (n.)
• de dicto/de re /deI ‘dIkt, deI reI/
• deep Case
• deep grammar
• default (n.)
• defective (adj.)
• deficit hypothesis
• defining (adj.)
• defining vocabulary
• definite (adj.)
• defooting (n.)
• deforestation (n.)
• degenerate foot
• degree (n.)
• deictic (adj./n.)
• deixis (n.) /daIksIs/
• delayed (adj.)
• delayed auditory feedback
• delete (v.)
• deletion (n.)
• delicacy (n.)
• delimitative (adj./n.)
• delinking (n.)
• delta (adj./n.)
• demarcative (adj.)
• demibeat (n.)
• demisyllabic (adj.)
• demonstrative (adj./n.)
• demotic (adj.)
• demotion (n.)
• denasalized (adj.)
• denominal (adj.)
• denotation (n.)
• dense neighbourhood
• dental (adj./n.)
• denti-alveolar (adj.)
• deontic (adj.) /deIntIk/
• deoralization (n.)
• dependence (n.)
• dependency grammar
• dependency phonology (DP)
• dependent (adj.)
• deponent verb
• depth (n.)
• depth hypothesis
• de re
• derivation (n.)
• derivational morphology
• derivational theory of complexity
• derived environment
• description (n.)
• descriptive adequacy/grammar/linguistics
• descriptivism, descriptivist (n.)
• desiderative (adj./n.)
• designated terminal element (DTE)
• destressing (n.)
• deterioration (n.)
• determiner (n.) (det, DET, D)
• determinism (n.)
• development (n.)
• developmental linguistics
• deverbal (adj.)
• deviance (n.)
• device (n.)
• devoiced (adj.)
• dia-
• diachronic (adj.)
• diacritic (adj./n.)
• diagramming (n.)
• dialect (n.)
• Perceptual dialectology
• dialectalization (n.)
• dialect atlas
• dialect chain
• dialect continuum
• dialect geography
• dialectology, dialectometry (n.)
• dialinguistics, diamorph, diaphone, diasystem, diatype (n.)
• dichotic listening
• dictionary (n.)
• difference hypothesis
• differential (n.)
• diffuse (adj.)
• diffusion (n.)
• diglossia (n.)
• digraph (n.)
• diminutive (adj./n.)
• ding-dong theory
• diphthong (n.)
• diplophonia (n.)
• direct (adj.)
• directional entailingness
• directionality (n.)
• directive (adj./n.)
• disambiguation (n.)
• discontinuity grammar
• discontinuity hypothesis
• discontinuous (adj.)
• discourse (n.)
• discourse analysis
• discourse attachment
• discourse deixis
• discourse in common sense entailment (DICE)
• discourse referent
• discourse representation theory (DAT)
• discovery procedure
• discrete (adj.)
• discreteness (n.)
• disharmony, disharmonicity (n.)
• disjunct (n.)
• disjunction (n.)
• dispersion (n.)
• displaced articulation
• displaced speech
• displacement (n.)
• dissimilation (n.)
• distance assimilation
• distinctiveness (n.)
• distinguisher (n.)
• distributed (adj.)
• distributed morphology (DM)
• distributed representation
• distribution (n.)
• distributive (adj./n.) (dist, DIST)
• disyllable (n.)
• ditransitive (adj.)
• divergence (n.)
• D-linking (n.)
• docking (n.)
• do-deletion/insertion/support
• domain (n.)
• dominance, dominate (n.), (v.)
• domination (n.)
• donkey sentence
• dorsal (adj.)
• dorso-palatal, dorso-velar (adj.)
• double articulation
• double-bar (adj./n.)
• double-bar juncture, double-cross juncture
• double-base (adj.)
• double cross
• double negative
• doublet (n.)
• doubly filled COMP filter
• downdrift (n.)
• downgrading (n.)
• downstep (n.)
• downward entailing
• drag chain
• drill (n.)
• drum language
• D-structure (n.)
• dual (adj.)
• dualism (n.)
• duality
• dummy (adj./n.)
• duplex perception
• duration (n.)
• durative (adj./n.) (dur, DUR)
• dvandva (adj.)
• dyadic (adj.)
• dynamic (adj.)
• dynamic linguistics/phonetics/phonology
• dynamic semantics
• dynamic time warping
• dynamic verb
• dynamism (n.)
• E
• ear-training (n.)
• Ebonics (n.)
• echo (n.)
• eclecticism (n.)
• ecolinguistics (n.)
• ecological linguistics, ecology of language
• economy (n.)
• -ed form
• edge (n.)
• educational linguistics
• egocentric speech
• egressive (adj.)
• ejective (adj./n.)
• elaborated (adj.)
• E-language (n.)
• elative (adj./n.)
• electroaerometer, electroaerometry (n.)
• electroglottograph (n.) (EGG)
• electrokymograph (n.)
• electrolaryngogram, electrolaryngograph(y) (n.)
• electromyograph (n.) (EMG)
• electropalatograph (n.) (EPG)
• element (n.)
• elicitation (n.)
• elide (v.)
• elision (n.)
• elite bilingualism
• ellipsis (n.)
• elliptical (adj.)
• elsewhere condition
• embedding (n.)
• emergentism (n.)
• emic/etic (adj.)
• emotive (adj.)
• emphatic consonant
• empiricism (n.)
• empty (adj.)
• empty category principle (EPG)
• enclisis, enclitic (n.)
• encode (v.)
• endangered language
• endearment, terms of
• endocentric (adj.)
• endoglossic (adj.)
• endophora (n.)
• endophoric (adj.)
• -en form
• engineering (n.)
• enlightened self-interest
• entail (v.)
• entailment (n.)
• entrench (v.)
• entry (n.)
• environment (n.)
• epenthesis (n.)
• epenthetic (adj.)
• epicene (adj.)
• epiglottis (n.)
• epistemic (adj.)
• epithet (n.)
• eponym (n.)
• equational (adj.)
• equative (adj.)
• equi NP deletion
• equipollent (adj.)
• equivalence (n.)
• erasure (n.)
• ergative (n.) (erg, ERG)
• error (n.)
• esophageal (adj.)
• essential conditions
• essive (adj./n.)
• Estuary English
• état de langue /eta d lãg/
• ethic(al) dative
• ethnography of communication/speaking
• ethnolinguistics (n.)
• Ethnologue
• ethnomethodology (n.)
• ethnopoetics (n.)
• ethnosemantics (n.)
• etic (adj.)
• etymology (n.)
• etymon (n.)
• E-type pronoun
• eurhythmy (n.)
• evaluative (adj.)
• evaluator (n.) (EVAL)
• eventive (adj./n.)
• event semantics
• event time
• event type
• evidence (n.)
• evidentiality (n.)
• exceptional case marking (ECM)
• exclamation (n.)
• exclamation mark (!)
• exclamative (adj./n.)
• exclusive (adj.)
• exemplar (n.)
• exhaustiveness (n.)
• exhaustivity (n.)
• existential (adj./n.)
• exocentric (adj.)
• exocentric compound
• exoglossic (adj.)
• exophora (n.)
• expanded pidgin
• expansion (n.)
• experiencer (n.)
• experimental phonetics
• explanatory (adj.)
• expletive (n.)
• explicature (n.)
• explicitness (n.)
• exponence (n.)
• expression (n.)
• expressive (adj.)
• extended standard theory (EST)
• extension (n.)
• extensive (adj.)
• external adequacy
• external argument
• external evidence
• externalized language
• external merge
• external sandhi
• external syllabus
• extraction (n.)
• extralinguistic (adj.)
• extrametricality (n.)
• extraposition (n.)
• extraprosodicity (n.)
• extrasyllabic (adj.)
• extrinsic (adj.)
• F
• face (n.)
• factitive (adj./n.)
• factive (adj./n.)
• factorial typology
• faculty of language
• fading juncture
• FAITH
• faithfulness (n.) (FAITH)
• fall (n./v.)
• falling (adj.)
• false cognates
• false friends
• family (n.)
• fatherese (n.)
• faux amis
• favourite (adj.)
• feature (n.)
• feature geometry
• feature percolation
• feedback (n.)
• feeding (n.)
• feet (n.)
• felicity conditions
• feminine (adj.)
• field (n.)
• file change semantics
• filled pause
• filler (n.)
• filter (n./v.)
• filtered speech
• final (adj.)
• final state
• finite (adj.)
• finite automata
• finite-state grammar (FSG)
• first language
• first language acquisition
• first person
• Firthian (adj.)
• fis phenomenon
• fission (n.)
• fixed (adj.)
• flap (n.)
• flat (adj.)
• flexion (n.)
• floating (adj.)
• flotation (n.)
• focal area
• focus (n.) (foc)
• folk bilingualism
• folk etymology
• foot (n.)
• FOOTBIN (n.)
• footless (adj.)
• foregrounding (n.)
• foreign language
• forensic linguistics
• form (n.)
• form v. meaning/function.
• formal (adj.)
• formal grammar
• formalism (n.)
• formalist (adj./n.)
• formality (n.)
• formalization (n.)
• formal semantics
• formal universal
• formant (n.)(F)
• formation rule
• formative (n.)
• form-class (n.)
• form of address
• formula, formulae (n.)
• formulaic language
• form word
• fortis (adj.)
• fortition (n.)
• forward-reference (n.)
• fossilized (adj.)
• fourth person
• frame (n.)
• free (adj.)
• free form/morpheme
• freely associating segments
• free relative clause
• free syllable
• free variation
• frequency (n.)
• frequentative (adj./n.) (freq)
• frication (n.)
• fricative (n.)
• friction (n.)
• frictionless continuant
• front (adj./v.)
• fronting (n.)
• frozen expression
• fry (n.)
• f-structure (n.)
• full (adj.)
• full conversion
• full interpretation
• full verb
• function (n./v.)
• functional application/composition
• functional category
• functional change
• functional composition
• functional grammar
• functional linguistics
• functional literacy
• functional load
• functional phonetics
• functional projection
• functional role
• functional sentence perspective (FSP)
• functional shift
• functional structure
• functional yield
• function word
• functor (n.)
• fundamental frequency
• fusion (n.)
• fusional (adj.)
• future tense (fut, FUT)
• fuzzy (adj.)
• G
• gamma-marking (n.)
• gap (n.)
• gapping (n.)
• garden-path sentences
• gemination (n.)
• gender (n.)
• genealogical classification
• general (adj.)
• General American (GA)
• generalization (n.)
• generalized alignment
• generalized binding
• generalized phrase-structure grammar (GPSG)
• generalized quantifier theory
• generalized transformation
• general linguistics
• general phonetics
• general pragmatics
• general semantics
• general stylistics
• generative (adj.)
• generator (n.) (GEN)
• generic (adj./n.)
• genetic classification
• Geneva School
• genitive (adj./n.)
• genre (n.)
• geographical dialect
• geographical linguistics
• geolinguistics (n.)
• geometry (n.)
• gerund, gerundive (n.)
• gestural phonology
• gesture (n.)
• ghost segment
• given (adj.)
• glide (n.)
• gliding vowel
• global (adj.)
• glossematics (n.)
• glosseme (n.)
• glossogenetics (n.)
• glossographia (n.)
• glossolalia (n.)
• glottal (adj.)
• Glottalization
• glottalic (adj.), glottalize (v.), glottalization (n.)
• glottochronology (n.)
• glottogram, glottograph(y) (n.)
• GLOW
• goal (n.)
• God's truth
• govern (v.)
• governee (n.)
• governing category/node
• government (n.)
• government-binding theory (GB)
• government phonology
• government theory
• governor (n.)
• gradability (n.)
• gradable (adj.)
• gradation (n.)
• gradience (n.)
• gradient evaluation
• gradient stratification
• gradual (adj.)
• grammar (n.)
• grammar induction
• grammatical (adj.)
• grammatical ambiguity
• grammatical category
• grammatical gender
• grammatical handbook
• grammatical inference
• grammaticality (n.)
• grammaticalization/grammaticization
• grammatical morpheme
• grammatical word see
• graph (n.)
• grapheme (n.)
• graphetics (n.)
• graphics (n.)
• graphic substance
• graphology (n.)
• grave /grav/ (adj.)
• Great Vowel Shift
• greed (n.)
• green linguistics
• grid (n.)
• grid-only phonology
• Grimm's law
• grinding (n.)
• groove (n.)
• grounding (n.)
• ground noun
• group (n.)
• group genitive
• grouping
• guttural (adj./n.)
• H
• habitual (adj.) (hab)
• half-close (adj.)
• half-open (adj.)
• Halle, Morris
• Hallidayan (adj.)
• hand configuration
• hapax legomenon
• haplology (n.)
• hard consonant
• hard palate
• hard sign
• harmonic (n.)
• harmonic phonology
• harmony (n.)
• hash (adj./n.)
• head (n.)
• head-driven phrase-structure grammar (HPSG)
• headed (adj.), headedness (n.)
• head-feature convention (n.) head-first, head-last (adj.)
• headless relative clause
• headlinese (n.)
• head movement constraint (HMC)
• head phrase
• headword (n.)
• heavy (adj.)
• hedge (n./v.)
• heightened subglottal pressure
• hertz (n.)
• hesitation (n.)
• heterography (n.)
• heteronym (n.)
• heteronymy (n.)
• heterorganic (adj.)
• heterosyllabic (adj.)
• heuristic (adj./n.)
• hiatus (n.)
• hidden Markov model
• hierarchy (n.)
• hieratic /haI'ratIk/ (n.)
• high (adj.)
• higher category
• high tone
• historic (adj.)
• historical dialect
• historical linguistics
• historic(al) present
• HMC
• hocus-pocus (adj.)
• hodiernal (adj.)
• hold (n./v.)
• hole in the pattern
• holonymy (n.)
• holophrase (n.)
• holophrasis (n.), holophrastic (adj.)
• homograph (n.)
• homography (n.)
• homomorphic (adj.)
• homonym (n.)
• homonymy (n.)
• homophene (n.)
• homopheny (n.)
• homophone (n.)
• homophony (n.)
• homorganic (adj.)
• honorific (adj./n.)
• horizontal grouping/splitting
• hortative (adj./n.)
• host (n.)
• HP (head phrase)
• humanistic (adj.)
• hybrid (adj./n.)
• hydronymy (n.)
• hypercorrection (n.)
• hypernasality (n.)
• hypernym, hyperonym (n.)
• hypersememic (adj.)
• hypersemotactics (n.)
• hyperurbanism (n.)
• hypocoristic (n.)
• hyponasality (n.)
• hyponym (n.)
• hyponymy (n.)
• hypophonemic (adj.)
• hypophonotactics (n.)
• hypotactic (adj.)
• Hz
• I
• iamb (n.)
• iambic reversal
• iconicity (n.)
• idealization (n.)
• ideational (adj.)
• identity (n.)
• identity operation
• ideogram (n.)
• ideograph (n.)
• ideophone (n.)
• idioglossia (n.)
• idiolect (n.)
• idiom (n.)
• idiophone (n.)
• I-language (n.)
• illative (adj./n.)
• ill formed (adj.)
• illiteracy (n.)
• illocutionary (adj.)
• image schema
• imitation (n.)
• immediate constituent (IC)
• immediate dominance
• imperative (adj./n.) (imp, imper, IMPER)
• imperfective (adj./n.)
• imperfect tense (imp, imperf, impf, IMPF)
• impersonal (adj.)
• implicational scaling
• implicational universal
• implicature (n.)
• implicit argument
• implosive (adj./n.)
• impressionistic transcription
• inalienable (adj.)
• inanimate (adj.)
• inceptive (adj./n.) (incep, INCEP)
• inchoative /in'kauativ/ (adj./n.)
• included (adj.)
• inclusion (n.)
• inclusive (adj.)
• inclusive language
• inclusiveness condition
• incompatibility (n.)
• incomplete assimilation
• incorporating (adj.)
• incorporation (n.)
• indefinite (adj.) (indef)
• indefinite vowel
• indeterminacy (n.)
• index (n.)
• indexical (adj.)
• indexing (n.)
• indicative (adj.) (indic, INDIC)
• indicator (n.)
• indices (n.)
• indirect (adj.)
• individual concept
• individual level
• ineffability (n.)
• inessive (adj./n.)
• infelicitous utterances
• infinitival (adj./n.)
• infinitive (n.) (inf, INF)
• infix (n.)
• INFL /'Infl/
• inflected/inflecting language
• inflection/inflexion (n.)
• inflectional language
• inflection phrase
• informality (n.)
• informant (n.)
• information (n.)
• -ing form
• ingressive (adj./n.)
• inherent Case
• inherent features
• inheritance (n.)
• inheritance principle
• initial (adj.)
• initialism (n.)
• initial state
• initial symbol
• initiator (n.)
• innateness (n.)
• input (n.)
• insertion (n.)
• in situ /in 'sIt∫u/
• instantaneous (adj.)
• institutional linguistics
• instrumental (adj./n.) (inst, INST)
• instrumental phonetics
• intensifier (n.)
• intension (n.)
• intensity (n.)
• intensive (adj.)
• interaction (n.)
• interchangeability (n.)
• interclausal grammar
• interdental (adj./n.)
• interface (n.)
• interference (n.)
• interjection (n.)
• interlanguage (n.)
• inter-level (n.)
• interlingua (n.)
• intermediate (adj.)
• internal adequacy
• internal argument
• internal evidence
• internalize (v.)
• internalized language
• internal merge
• internal open juncture
• internal reconstruction
• internal sandhi
• internal syllabus
• International Phonetic Association (IPA)
• interpersonal (adj.)
• interpretation (n.)
• interpretation function
• interpretive/interpretative (adj.)
• interrogative (adj./n.) (inter, interrog)
• interruptibility (n.)
• interrupted (adj.)
• intervocalic (adj.)
• intonation (n.)
• intonology (n.)
• intralevel rules
• intransitivity (n.)
• intrinsic (adj.)
• intrusion (n.)
• intrusive r
• intuition (n.)
• invariable (adj.)
• invariance (n.)
• invariant (adj.)
• inventory (n.)
• inversion (n.)
• IPA
• irregular (adj.)
• -ise/-ize
• island (n.)
• iso-
• isochronism (n.)
• isochrony (n.)
• isogloss, isograph
• isolate (n.)
• isolated (adj.)
• isolated language
• isolating (adj.)
• isolation (adj.)
• isolect, isolex, isomorph, isophone, isopleth, isoseme (n.)
• isomorphism (n.)
• isosyllabism, isosyllabicity (n.)
• item (n.)
• item and arrangement (IA)
• item and process (IP)
• iteration (n.)
• iterative (adj.)
• iterativity (n.)
• -ize
• J
• Jakobsonian (adj.)
• jaw setting
• jers (n.)
• JND
• junction (n.)
• juncture (n.)
• jussive (adj./n.)
• just noticeable difference (JND)
• K
• Katz-Postal hypothesis
• kernel (adj./n.)
• key (n.)
• key list
• kinaesthetic/kinesthetic feedback
• kine, kineme (n.)
• kinematics (n.)
• kinesics (n.)
• kinetic (adj.)
• kinship terms
• Kleene star ()
• knowledge about language
• koine /'kIni/ (n.)
• kymograph (n.)
• L
• labelling (n.)
• labial (adj./n.)
• labio-dental (adj./n.)
• labio-velar (adj./n.)
• LAD
• lag (n.)
• la-la theory
• lambda (n.) (λ)
• Lambek calculus
• lamina (n.)
• laminal (adj.)
• lamino- (adj.)
• landing site
• langage /lãga/ (n.)
• language (n.)
• language acquisition device
• language areas
• language attitudes
• language attrition
• language awareness
• language centers/centres
• language change
• language contact
• language death
• language diffusion
• language documentation
• language engineering
• language family
• language isolate
• language learning
• language loss
• language loyalty
• language maintenance
• language minority
• language of thought
• language pathology
• language pedagogy
• language planning
• language policy
• language processing
• language revitalization program (me)
• language shift
• language socialization
• language spread
• language treatment
• language universals
• langue /lãg/ (n.)
• laryngealized (adj.), laryngealization (n.)
• laryngogram, laryngograph(y) (n.)
• larynx (n.)
• last-cyclic rules
• last resort
• latent consonant
• lateral (adj./n.)
• lattice (n.)
• LAW (N.)
• lax (adj.)
• Layer (N.)
• layering (n.)
• lazy pronoun
• lead (n.)
• leaf node
• learnability (n.)
• Learning (N.)
• Learning Theory
• least effort
• lect (n.)
• left-associative grammar
• left-branching (adj.)
• left dislocation
• left-headed foot
• left-linear grammar
• leftness principle
• Left-recursive (adj.)
• left-to-right coarticulation
• lemma (n.)
• length (n.)
• lenis (adj.)
• lenite (v.)
• lenition (n.)
• lento (adj.)
• level (n.)
• levelling (n.)
• level-skipping (n.)
• level stress/tone
• lexeme (n.)
• lexical (adj.)
• lexical access
• lexical ambiguity
• lexical array
• lexical cycle
• lexical density
• lexical diffusion
• lexical entry
• lexical-functional grammar (LFG)
• lexicalist (adj./n.)
• lexical item
• lexicalize (v.)
• lexical minimality
• lexical morpheme
• lexical noun phrase
• lexical phonology (LP)
• lexical phrase
• lexical representation language
• lexical retrieval
• lexical storage
• lexical stress
• lexical tone
• lexical verb
• lexicography (n.)
• lexicology (n.)
• lexicon (n.)
• lexicon optimization
• lexicostatistics (n.)
• lexis (n.)
• lexotactics (n.)
• LF-convergence
• liaison (n.)
• licensed extrasyllabicity
• licensing (n.)
• light syllable
• light verb
• line (n.)
• linear correspondence axiom
• linear grammar
• linearity (n.)
• linear phonology
• linear precedence rule (LP rule)
• linear prediction
• lingua franca
• lingual (adj.)
• linguist (n.)
• linguistic (adj.)
• linguistically significant generalization
• linguistic anthropology
• linguistic area
• linguistic atlas
• linguistic determinism
• linguistic environment
• linguistic form
• linguistic geography
• linguistic historiography
• linguistician (n.)
• linguistic minority
• linguistic philosophy
• linguistic relativity
• linguistics (n.)
• linguistic science(s)
• linguistic sign
• linguistic substrate
• linguistic superstratum
• linguistic variable
• link (n.)
• linking (adj./n.)
• linking verb
• LIPOC
• lip-rounding
• liquid (n.)
• listeme (n.)
• literacy (n.)
• literary pragmatics
• literary stylistics
• little pro
• little v
• l-marking (n.)
• loan (n.)
• local (adj.)
• localism (n.)
• locality (n.)
• local tree
• location (n.)
• locative (adj./n.) (loc, LOC)
• locus (n.)
• locutionary (adj.)
• logical consequence
• logical constant
• logical form (LF)
• logical truth
• logocentrism (n.)
• logogram (n.)
• logograph (n.)
• logophoric (adj.)
• London School
• long (adj.)
• long-distance dependency
• longitudinal (adj.)
• loopback
• loss (n.)
• loudness (n.)
• low (adj.)
• lower category
• lowering (n.)
• low tone
• loyalty (n.)
• LP rule
• ludic (adj.)
• ludling (n.)
• M
• macrolinguistics
• macroparadigm (n.)
• macro-phylum (n.)
• macro-role
• macrosociolinguistics (n.)
• main (adj.)
• maintenance (n.)
• major (adj.)
• major class feature
• mandibular setting
• manifestation (n.)
• manner (n.)
• manner adverb(ial)
• manner maxim
• manner of discourse
• map (v.)
• mapping (n.)
• marginal auxiliary
• marginally acceptable
• margins
• markedness (n.)
• marker (n.)
• Markov process
• masculine (adj.)
• mass (adj.)
• matched guise
• matching (n.)
• material biconditional
• material conditional
• mathematical linguistics
• matrix (n.)
• maximal-command (v.)
• maximality (n.) (MAX)
• maximal onset principle
• maxims of conversation
• McGurk effect
• m-command
• meaning (n.)
• meaning-changing/meaning-preserving
• meaning construction
• meaning postulate
• mean length of utterance (MLU)
• medial (adj.) (med)
• medium (n.)
• mel (n.)
• mellow (adj.)
• Melodic tier
• mentalese (n.)
• mentalism (n.)
• mental lexicon
• mental spaces
• mereology (n.)
• merge (n.)
• merger (n.)
• meronymy (n.)
• mesolect (n.)
• metadiscourse (n.)
• metagrammar (n.)
• metalanguage (n.)
• metalinguistic (adj.)
• metanalysis (n.)
• metaphony (n.)
• metaphor (n.)
• metarule (n.)
• metathesis (n.)
• metonymy (n.)
• metric (n.)
• metrical grid
• metrical phonology (MP)
• metrics (n.)
• metropolitanization (n.)
• microlinguistics (n.)
• microsociolinguistics (n.)
• mid (adj.)
• middle voice
• mimetic
• minimal-distance principle (MDP)
• minimal free form
• minimalist programme/program (MP)
• minimality (n.)
• minimal link condition
• minimal pair
• minimal set
• minor (adj.)
• minority language
• misderivation (n.)
• mismatch (n.)
• misrelated participle
• mistake (n.)
• MIT
• mixing (n.)
• M-level (n.)
• MLU
• modal (adj.)
• modal auxiliary/verb
• modal base
• modality (n.)
• modal subordination
• mode (n.)
• model (n./v.)
• model-theoretic semantics
• modification (n.)
• modifier (n.)
• modularity (n.)
• modulation (n.)
• module (n.)
• monadic (adj.)
• mono-
• monogenesis (n.)
• monolingual (adj./n.)
• monomoraic (adj.)
• monomorphemic (adj.)
• monophthong (n.)
• monosemy (n.)
• monostratal (adj.)
• monosyllabic (adj.)
• monosystemic (adj.)
• monotone (n.)
• monotransitive (adj.)
• monovalent (n.)
• Montague grammar
• mood (n.)
• mora (n.)
• moribund (adj.)
• morph (n.)
• morpheme (n.)
• morpheme-based morphology
• morpheme-structure rules/conditions
• morphemic alternant, morphemic variant, morphemics (n.)
• morphology (n.)
• Morphological
• morphonology, morphophonology (n.)
• morphophoneme (n.)
• morphophonemics (n.)
• morphophonology (n.)
• morphosyntactic (adj.)
• morphotactics (n.)
• mot (n.) /m/ (M)
• mother (n.)
• motherese (n.)
• mother-in-law languages
• motor theory
• move alpha (α)
• movement (n.)
• mu (μ)
• multidimensional scaling
• multilateral (adj.)
• multilingual (adj./n.)
• multilinked (adj.)
• multiple wh-question
• multiplex network
• multiply ambiguous
• multisyllabic (adj.)
• multi-valued feature
• murmur (n.)
• mutate (v.)
• mutation (n.)
• mutual bleeding
• mutual intelligibility
• N
• narrative (adj./n.)
• narratology (n.)
• narrow (adj.)
• narrowing (n.)
• n-ary feature
• nasal (adj.)
• nasalize (v.), nasalization (n.)
• native-speaker (n.)
• nativism
• nativist hypothesis
• natural class
• natural gender
• natural generative phonology (NGP)
• natural-kind terms
• natural language processing (NLP)
• natural morphology
• naturalness (n.)
• natural order hypothesis
• natural phonology
• negation (n.)
• negative concord
• negative face
• negative transfer
• neighbourhood (n.)
• neo-Davidsonian (adj.)
• neo-Firthian (adj.)
• neogrammarian (adj./n.)
• neologism (n.)
• nesting (n.)
• network (n.)
• Network English
• network grammar
• Network Standard
• neural network
• neural program
• neurolinguistics (n.)
• neurological linguistics
• neuter (adj.)
• neutral (adj.)
• neutralization (n.)
• new (adj.)
• New Englishes
• nexus (n.), (plural nexi)
• NOCODA
• no-crossing constraint (NCC)
• node (n.)
• noise (n.)
• nominal (adj./n.) (nom, NOM)
• nominalization (n.)
• nominalizer (n.)
• nominative (adj./n.) (nom, NOM)
• non-affixal morphology
• non-agentive (adj./n.)
• non-anterior (adj.)
• non-areal (adj.)
• non-back (adj.)
• non-branching (adj.)
• non-breathy (adj.)
• non-bridge verbs
• non-causative (adj.)
• nonce (adj.)
• non-collective (adj.)
• non-configurational languages
• non-consonantal (adj.)
• non-contiguous
• non-continuant (adj./n.)
• non-continuous (adj.)
• non-conventional implieature
• non-co-referential (adj.)
• non-core rule
• non-coronal (adj.)
• non-count(able) (adj.)
• non-covered (adj.)
• non-defining (adj.)
• non-definite (adj.)
• non-derivational (adj.)
• non-discrete (adj.)
• non-discrete grammar
• non-distributed (adj.)
• non-echo (n.)
• non-equivalent (adj.)
• non-factive (adj.)
• non-favourite (adj.)
• non-finite (adj.)
• non-headed (adj.)
• non-high (adj.)
• non-iterative (adj.)
• non-lateral (adj.)
• non-linear phonology
• non-low (adj.)
• non-native varieties
• non-palatalized (adj.)
• non-perfective (adj.)
• non-phonemic phonology
• non-predicative (adj.)
• non-primitive (adj.)
• non-pro-drop (adj.)
• non-productive (adj.)
• non-progressive (adj.)
• non-restrictive (adj.)
• non-rhotic (adj.)
• non-rounded (adj.)
• non-segmental (adj./n.)
• nonsense (n.)
• non-sexist language
• non-sibilant (adj./n.)
• non-sonorant (adj./n.)
• non-sortal (adj.)
• non-standard (adj.)
• non-strident (adj.)
• non-tense (adj.)
• non-term (adj.)
• non-terminal (adj.)
• non-transformational grammar
• non-verbal communication
• non-vocalic (adj.)
• non-voiced (adj.)
• non-volition (adj.)
• no-ordering condition
• norm (n.)
• normalization (n.)
• normative (adj.)
• notation (n.)
• notional (adj.)
• noun (n.) (n, N)
• noun incorporation
• noun phrase
• NP-movement (n.)
• NP (noun phrase)
• Nuclear English
• nuclear predication
• nuclear scope
• nuclear stress/tone
• nucleus (n.)
• null (adj.)
• number (n.) (NUM)
• numeration (n.)
• n-valued feature
• O
• object (n.) (O, Obj, OBJ)
• objective case
• objective genitive
• object language
• object-raising (n.)
• obligatory (adj.)
• obligatory contour principle (OCP)
• oblique (adj.) (obl, OBL)
• observational adequacy
• observer's paradox
• obsolescence (n.)
• obsolete (adj.)
• obstruent (adj./n.)
• obviative (adj./n.)
• occlude (V.)
• occlusion (n.)
• occupational dialect
• oesophageal (adj.)
• off-glide/on-glide (n.)
• offset (n.)
• omega (ω) (n.)
• on-glide (n.)
• onomasiology (n.)
• onomastics (n.)
• onomatology (n.)
• onset (n.)
• ontogeny (n.)
• opacity (n.)
• opaque (adj.)
• open (adj.)
• open class
• operation (n.)
• operator (n.)
• oppositeness (n.)
• opposition (n.)
• optative (adj./n.)
• optimal (adj.)
• optimality theory (OT)
• optional (adj.)
• oracy (n.)
• oral (adj.)
• order (n./v.)
• order of mention
• ordinal (adj./n.)
• organs of speech
• orphan node
• orthoepy /θIpi/ (n.)
• other-repair (n.)
• OT perspective
• output (n.)
• output-output constraints
• overcorrection (n.)
• overextension (n.)
• overgeneralization (n.)
• overgeneration (n.)
• overlapping (n.)
• overt (adj.)
• overtone (n.)
• P
• palatal (adj.)
• Palatalization
• palate (n.)
• palato-alveolar (adj.)
• palatograph (n.)
• pandialectal (adj.)
• panlectal (adj.)
• paradigmatic (adj.)
• paradox (n.)
• paragrammatism (n.)
• paralanguage (n.)
• parallel distributed processing
• parameter (n.)
• parametric phonetics
• paraphrase (n.)
• parasite vowel
• parasitic gap
• paratactic (adj.)
• paratone (n.)
• parenthesis notation
• parent language
• parole (n.) /parDl/
• paronymy (n.)
• parse, parser (n./v.)(n.)
• parse tree
• parsing (n.)
• part (n.)
• partial assimilation
• partial conversion
• participant role
• participle (n.) (P, part, PART)
• particle (n.) (part, PART, Prt, PRT)
• particle phonology
• partitive (adj./n.) (part, PART)
• part of speech
• passive (n.)
• passive knowledge
• passive vocabulary
• past anterior
• past definite
• past historic
• past participle
• past perfect
• past tense
• path (n.)
• pathology (n.)
• patient (n.) (P)
• pattern (n.)
• paucal (adj.)
• pause (n.)
• paycheck sentence
• peace linguistics
• peak (adj./n.)
• pedagogical grammar
• pedagogical linguistics
• pejoration (n.)
• percentage symbol (%)
• perception (n.)
• percolation (n.)
• perfect (adj./n.) (perf, PERF, PF)
• perfect grid
• perfective (adj./n.)
• performance (n.)
• performative (adj./n.)
• period (n.)
• periodicity (n.)
• peripheral (adj.)
• periphrasis (n.)
• perlocutionary (adj.)
• permutation (n.)
• perseveration (n.)
• perseverative/perseveratory coarticulation
• person (n.) (per, PER)
• PF-convergence
• p-fix (n.)
• phantom segment
• pharyngeal (adj./n.)
• pharynx (n.)
• phase (n.)
• phatic communion
• phi features (φ)
• philology (n.)
• philosophical linguistics
• philosophical semantics
• phonaesthetics (n.)
• phonation (n.)
• phonatory setting
• phone (n.)
• phonematic unit
• phoneme (n.)
• phonemoid (n.)
• phonestheme, phonesthesia, phonesthetics (n.)
• phonetically consistent form (PCF)
• phonetic alphabet
• phonetic form (PF)
• phonetic gesture
• phonetician (n.)
• phonetics (n.)
• Phonetic
• phonetic setting
• phonetic transcription
• phonetic variant
• phonic (adj.)
• phonic substance
• phonogram (n.)
• phonography (n.)
• phonological form
• phonological scaling
• phonological space
• phonologization (n.)
• phonology (n.)
• phonostylistics (n.)
• phonotactics (n.)
• photoglottograph (n.)
• phrasal verb
• phrase (n.) (P)
• phrase edge prominence constraint
• phrase-marker (n.) (PM)
• phrase-structure grammar (PSG)
• phylogeny (n.)
• phylum (n.)
• physiological phonetics
• piagetian
• pictogram (n.)
• pictograph (n.)
• pictography (n.)
• pidgin (n.)
• pied piping
• pitch (n.)
• pitch meter
• pivot (n.)
• place (n.)
• placeless (adj.)
• plain (adj.)
• planar phonology
• plane (n.)
• planning (n.)
• plasticity (n.)
• plateauing (n.)
• pleonasm (n.)
• pleonastic (adj.)
• plereme (n.)
• plethysmograph (n.)
• P-level (n.)
• plosive (adj./n.)
• pluperfect (adj./n.)
• plural (adj./n.)
• pluralia tantum /plrlIa tantm/
• pluricentric (adj.)
• plurilingualism (n.)
• plurisegmental (adj./n.)
• plus juncture
• pneumotachograph (n.)
• poetic metaphor
• poetics (n.)
• point of speech/reference/the event
• polarity (n.)
• politeness phenomena
• poly-
• polyadie (adj.)
• polygenesis, polygenetic (n.) (adj.)
• polylectal (adj.)
• polymorphemic (adj.)
• polysemy (n.)
• polysyllable (n.)
• polysynthetic (adj.)
• polysystemicism (n.)
• polyvalent (adj.)
• pooh-pooh theory
• popular etymology
• portmanteau (adj./n.)
• Port Royal
• position (n.)
• positional faithfulness/markedness
• positional mobility
• positive (adj.)
• positive face
• possession (n.)
• possessive compound
• possessive pronoun
• possible-worlds semantics
• post-
• post-alveolar (adj.)
• post-aspiration (n.)
• post-creole continuum
• post-cyclic (adj.)
• post-dental (adj.)
• postdeterminer (n.)
• post-lexical (adj.)
• postmodification (n.)
• post-nasal (adj.)
• postposition (n.)
• post-structuralism (n.)
• postulate (n.)
• postures (n.)
• postvocalic (adj.)
• potential lexicon
• potential pause
• potential word
• poverty of the stimulus
• power (n.)
• pragmalinguistics (n.)
• pragmatics (n.)
• Prague School
• pre-
• pre-aspiration (n.)
• precedence (n.)
• pre-cyclic(al) (adj.)
• predeterminer (n.)
• predicate (n.) (pred)
• predicate calculus
• predicate frame
• predication (n.)
• predication theory
• predicative, predicator (adj.) (n.)
• prefabricated language
• preferred argument structure
• prefix (n.)
• pre-head (n.)
• prehodiernal (adj.)
• pre-lexical (adj.)
• prelinguistic (adj.)
• prelinguistics (n.)
• premodification (n.)
• pre-nasal, pre-nasalized (adj.)
• preparatory conditions
• preparatory it
• preposing (n.)
• preposition (n.) (P, pr, prep, PREP)
• prerequisites (n.)
• prescriptive (adj.)
• present participle
• present tense (pres, PRES)
• prespecification (n.)
• pressure (adj.)
• presupposition (n.)
• preterite (adj./n.)
• prevarication (n.)
• prevocalic (adj.)
• primary articulation
• primary cardinal vowels
• primary linguistic data
• primary response
• primary stress
• primary vowels
• priming (n.)
• primitive (adj./n.)
• principal parts
• principles (n.)
• privative (adj.)
• privileges of occurrence
• pro (n.)
• PRO (n.)
• probe (n.)
• procedural grammar
• procedural semantics
• procedure (n.)
• process (n.)
• processing (n.)
• proclisis, proclitic (n.)
• pro-constituent (n.)
• procrastination (n.)
• pro-drop (adj.)
• product (n.)
• production (n.)
• productivity (n.)
• pro-form (n.)
• progressive (adj./n.) (prog)
• projection (n.)
• prominent (adj.)
• promotion (n.)
• pronominalization (n.)
• pronoun (n.) (pro, PRO, pron)
• prop (adj.)
• proper (adj.)
• proportional (adj.)
• proposition (n.)
• propositional attitude
• propositional calculus
• proscriptive (adj.)
• prosodeme (n.)
• prosodic bootstrapping
• prosodic phonology
• prosody (n.)
• protasis (n.) /prDtsIs/
• prothesis (n.)
• proto-
• proto-role
• prototype (n.)
• proto-word (n.)
• proxemics (n.)
• pseudo-cleft sentence
• pseudo-intransitive (adj./n.)
• pseudo-passive (adj./n.)
• pseudo-procedure (n.)
• psych (adj.)
• psycholexicology (n.)
• psycholinguistics (n.)
• psychological reality
• pulmonic (adj.)
• pulse theory
• punctual (adj.) (punct)
• pure tone
• pure vowel
• purism (n.)
• push chain
• Q
• qualia structure
• qualification (n.)
• quality (n.)
• quantal theory
• quantifier (n.) (Q)
• quantitative linguistics
• quantity (n.)
• quantity sensitivity
• quantum (n.)
• question (n.) (Q)
• Quirk grammar
• quotative (n.)
• R
• radical
• radical pro-drop
• radical underspecification
• raising (n.)
• rank (n.)
• rate (n.)
• rationalism
• r-colouring (n.)
• readjustment rules
• realis /rIlIs/ (adj.)
• realistic grammar
• realization (n.)
• reanalysis (n.)
• reassociation (n.)
• recategorization (n.)
• received pronunciation (RP)
• recessive (adj.)
• recipient (n.)
• recipient language
• reciprocal (adj.)
• recognition (n.)
• reconstruction (n.)
• recoverability (n.)
• recreolization (n.)
• recursive (adj.)
• recursively enumerable
• reduce (v.)
• reduction (n.)
• redundancy (n.)
• reduplication (n.) (red, redup)
• reference (n.)
• reference grammar
• reference time
• referent (n.)
• referential (adj.)
• referential indices
• referential opacity
• referring-expression (n.)
• reflectiveness (n.)
• reflexive (adj./n.) (refl, REFL, reflex)
• reflexiveness (n.)
• reflexivity (n.)
• regional accent
• regional dialect
• register (n.)
• register tone language
• regressive (adj.)
• regular (adj.)
• regular grammar
• Reichenbachian (adj.)
• reiteration (n.)
• relation (n.)
• relational expression
• relational grammar (RG)
• relative (adj./n.)
• relative UTAH
• relativity (n.)
• relativized minimality
• release (n./v.)
• relevance theory
• relexification (n.)
• relic area
• remote structure
• renewal of connection
• reordering (adj./n.)
• repair (n./v.)
• repertoire (n.)
• replacive (adj./n.)
• reported speech
• representation (n.)
• representative (adj./n.)
• resonance (n.)
• resonant (n.)
• restricted (adj.)
• restricted language
• restrictive (adj.)
• restructuring (n.)
• result (adj.)
• resumptive (adj.)
• resyllabify (v.)
• retraction (n.)
• retroflex (adj.)
• reversal (n.)
• reversible (adj.)
• revised extended standard theory (REST)
• rewrite rule
• R-expression (n.)
• rheme (n.)
• rhetoric (n.)
• rhetorical question
• rhotacization (n.)
• rhotic (adj.)
• rhyme (n.)
• rhythm (n.)
• rhythm rule
• richness of the base
• right-branching (adj.)
• right dislocation
• right-headed foot
• right-linear grammar
• right node raising (RNR)
• right-recursive (adj.)
• right-to-left coarticulation
• rim (n.)
• rime (n.)
• rising (adj./n.)
• role (n.)
• role and reference grammar (RRG)
• roll (n.)
• root (adj./n.)
• root-and-pattern
• round brackets
• rounding (n.)
• routine (adj./n.)
• RP
• rule (n.)
• rule features
• rule-ordering paradox
• rule-to-rule (adj.)
• S
• S′
• SAAD
• sandhi /sandi/ (adj./n.)
• Sapir-Whorf hypothesis
• satellite (n.)
• satem language /stm/
• satisfaction (n.)
• saturation (n.)
• Saussurean/Saussurian (adj./n.)
• SC
• scalar expressions
• scale-and-category grammar
• scansion (n.)
• schema (n.), plural schemata
• schwa/shwa /∫w/ (n.)
• scope (n.)
• scrambling (n.)
• script (n.)
• S′-deletion
• secondary aperture
• secondary articulation
• secondary cardinal vowels
• secondary response
• secondary stress
• secondary vowels
• second language
• second person
• segment (n.)
• segmental tier
• segmentator (n.)
• segmented discourse representation theory
• selectional feature/restriction/rule
• selective listening
• self-embedding (adj./n.)
• self-repair (n.)
• semantic component
• semantic differential
• semantic feature
• semantic field
• semanticity (n.)
• semantic meaning
• semantic prosody
• semantic relations
• semantic role
• semantics (n.)
• semantic selection
• semantic triangle
• semantic value
• semasiology (n.)
• seme (n.)
• semeiology, semeiotics (n.)
• semelfactive (adj./n.)
• sememe (n.)
• semi-auxiliary (adj./n.)
• semi-consonant (n.)
• semilattice (n.)
• semilingual (adj./n.)
• semiotics (n.)
• semi-passive (n.)
• semi-productive (adj.)
• semi-sentence (n.)
• semi-vowel (n.)
• semology (n.)
• semotactics (n.)
• sense (n.)
• sense association
• sensitivity (n.)
• sentence (n.)
• sentence accent
• sentence adverb
• sentence length
• sentence prosody
• sentence stress
• sentential relative clause
• sequence (n.)
• serial relationship
• serial verb
• series (n.)
• set (n.)
• set expression
• setting (n.)
• s-fix (n.)
• shadow pronoun
• shallow (adj.)
• shared constituent co-ordination
• sharp (adj.)
• sharp stratification
• shell
• shift (n.)
• short (adj.)
• shortest move
• shwa (n.)
• sibilant (adj./n.)
• sight translation
• sign (n.)
• signifiant, significans, signification, significatum /sIgnIfIã/ (n.)
• significant (adj.)
• significs (n.)
• signifié, signified, signifier /sIgnIfIe/(n.)
• silent pause
• silent stress
• simple (adj.)
• simple transition network
• simplicity (n.)
• simultaneous bilingualism
• simultaneous interpretation/translation
• sincerity conditions
• single-bar (adj./n.)
• single-bar juncture
• single-base (adj.)
• single-feature assimilation
• sing-song theory
• singular (adj./n.)
• singulary (adj.)
• sister (adj./n.)
• sister-adjunction (n.)
• sister-dependency (n.)
• sister language
• situation (n.)
• situation semantics
• skeletal tier
• skeleton (n.)
• Skolem function
• slash (n.)
• slip of the tongue
• slit (adj.)
• sloppy identity
• slot (n.)
• sluicing (n.)
• small clause (SC)
• social accent
• social deixis
• social dialectology
• social function
• social-interactionism (n.)
• social stratification
• sociohistorical linguistics
• sociolect (n.)
• sociolinguistics (n.)
• sociological linguistics, sociology of language
• sociophonetics, sociophonology, sociosemantics (n.)
• sociopragmatics (n.)
• soft consonant
• soft palate
• soft sign
• sonagraph (n.)
• sonorant (adj./n.) (son)
• sonority (n.)
• sortal (adj.)
• sound change/law/shift
• sound spectrograph
• sound-symbolism (n.)
• sound system
• source (adj./n.)
• space grammar
• span (n.)
• sparse neighbourhood
• speaker identification/recognition/verification
• specialization (n.)
• specification (n.)
• specific definite
• specific indefinite
• specified-subject condition
• specifier (n.) (spec, Spec)
• spectrograph (n.)
• spectrum (n.)
• speech (n.)
• speech act
• speech and hearing science
• speech chain
• speech community
• speech event
• speech perception
• speech processing
• speech production
• speech recognition
• speech science(s)
• speech stretcher
• speech surrogate
• speech synthesis
• speech time
• speed (n.)
• spell-out (n.)
• spike (n.)
• spirant (adj./n.)
• split antecedent
• split ergative
• split infinitive
• split morphology
• splitting (n.)
• spoken medium
• Sprachbund /∫prxbnt/ (n.)
• Sprachgefühl /∫prxgfyl/ (n.)
• spread (n.)
• spreading (n.)
• sprouting
• squish (n.)
• s-selection
• S-structure (n.)
• stability (n.)
• stage (n.)
• standard (n.)
• standard English
• standard theory/model
• star (n.)
• starred form
• state (n.)
• state (adj.)
• statement (n.)
• state-transition semantics
• static (adj.)
• statistical linguistics
• statistical universal
• stative (adj./n.)
• status planning
• stem (n.)
• stereotype (n.)
• stimulus (n.)
• stock (n.)
• stop (n.)
• storage
• stranding (n.)
• stratification (n.)
• stray (adj.)
• strength (n.)
• stress (n.)
• stress-foot, stress group (n.)
• stress-timed (adj.)
• strict cycle condition
• strict identity
• strict sub-categorization
• stricture (n.)
• stridency (n.)
• strident (adj.)
• string (n.)
• strong (adj.)
• strong adequacy
• strong form
• strong generative capacity
• strong generative power
• strong verb
• structural (adj.)
• structural ambiguity
• Structural Analysis
• structural Case
• structural change (SC)
• structural description (SD)
• structural dialectology
• structuralism (n.)
• structural semantics
• structural word
• structure (n.)
• structure dependency
• structure index
• structure preservation
• structure tree
• style (n.)
• stylistics (n.)
• stylometry, stylostatistics (n.)
• sub-array
• sub-categorization (n.)
• sub-component (n.)
• sub-family (n.)
• subgenre (n.)
• subgesture (n.)
• sub-group (n.)
• subjacency (n.)
• subject (n.)
• subjective (adj.)
• subjective case
• subjective genitive
• subject-raising (n.)
• subjunct (n.)
• subjunctive (n.)
• sublanguage (n.)
• submorpheme (n.)
• subordinating conjunction
• subordination (n.)
• subordinator (n.)
• sub-phonemic variant
• subsegment (n.)
• substance (n.)
• substandard (adj.)
• substantive (n.)
• substitution (n.)
• substrate (n.)
• substratum (n.)
• substring (n.)
• subtractive bilingualism
• subtree (n.)
• subtype (n.)
• successive cyclic analysis
• suction (adj.)
• suffix (n.)
• sum (n.)
• Summer Institute of Linguistics
• superfix (n.)
• superfoot (n.)
• superheavy syllable
• superiority (n.)
• superlative (adj./n.)
• superordinate (adj.)
• superstratum (n.)
• supertype (n.)
• supervaluation (n.)
• supplementary movements
• suppletion (n.)
• suppletive (n.)
• suprafix (n.)
• supraglottal (adj.)
• suprasegmental (adj./n.)
• surface grammar
• surface structure
• surrogate (n.)
• sustained juncture
• svarabhakti vowel
• switching (n.)
• switch reference
• syllable (n.) (syll)
• syllable-timed (adj.)
• symbol (n.)
• symbolic (adj.)
• sympathetic constraints
• sympathy (n.)
• synaesthesia/synesthesia (n.)
• synchronic (adj.)
• syncope /'sIŋkpi/ (n.)
• syncretism (n.)
• syndeton (n.)
• synonymy (n.)
• syntactic blend
• syntactic frame
• syntactic function
• syntactics (n.)
• syntagm, syntagma (n.)
• syntagmatic (adj.)
• syntagmeme (n.)
• syntax (n.)
• synthesis (n.)
• synthetic (adj.)
• system (n.)
• system architecture
• systematic phonemics
• systematic phonetics
• systemic grammar
• system-structure
• T
• T
• tableau, tableaux (n.), plural (n.)
• taboo languages
• tacit (adj.)
• tactic, tactics (adj.), (n.)
• tag (adj./n.)
• tagma, tagmatics (n.)
• tagmemics (n.)
• tail (n.)
• tamber, tambre (n.)
• tap (n.)
• target (n.)
• ta-ta theory
• tautosyllabic (adj.)
• taxeme (n.)
• taxis (n.)
• taxonomic (adj.)
• teaching grammar
• telegrammatic speech
• telegraphic speech
• telic (adj.)
• template (n.)
• tempo (n.)
• temporal dialect
• tenor (n.)
• tense (adj./n.)
• tensed (adj.)
• tension (n.)
• term (adj./n.)
• terminal (adj.)
• terminal analogs
• terminal juncture
• terminal node
• terminal set
• terminal string/symbol
• termination (n.)
• term of address
• tertiary response
• tertiary stress
• tessitura (n.)
• test (n.)
• text (n.)
• text deixis
• textlinguistics (n.)
• text-to-speech (adj.)
• textuality, texture (n.)
• T forms
• thematic, thematization (adj.), (n.)
• thematic role
• theme (n.)
• theolinguistics (n.)
• theorem (n.)
• theoretical grammar
• theoretical linguistics
• theor (n.)
• theory of mind
• there-insertion
• theta role
• theta theory
• third person
• thirteen men rule
• tier (n.)
• timbre (n.)
• timing (adj./n.)
• tip (n.)
• tip-of-the-tongue phenomenon
• to-infinitive (n.)
• token (n.)
• tonal geometry
• tonality (n.)
• tonal polarity
• tone (n.)
• tone group
• tone language
• toneme, tonemics (n.)
• tone sandhi
• tonetics (n.)
• tone unit
• tongue (n.)
• tongue-slip (n.)
• tonic (adj./n.)
• tonogenesis (n.)
• tonology (n.)
• top-down (adj.)
• topic (n.)
• topicalization (n.)
• toponomastics, toponymy (n.)
• total accountability
• total assimilation
• tough movement
• trace (n.) (t)
• trade language
• traditional (adj.)
• transcription (n.)
• transfer (n.)
• transform (n.)
• transformation (n.) (T)
• transformational cycle
• transformational grammar
• transient (n.)
• transition (n.)
• transitional area
• transition function
• transition network grammar
• transitivity (n.)
• translatology (n.)
• transliteration (n.)
• transparent (adj.)
• transplanar locality
• tree (n.)
• treebank (n.),
• tree-only phonology
• triadic (adj.)
• trial (adj./n.)
• triangle (n.)
• trickling (n.)
• trigger (n.)
• triglossia (n.)
• trigraph (n.)
• trill (n.)
• tripartite (adj.)
• triphthong (n.)
• trisyllable (n.)
• trivalent (adj.)
• trochee (n.)
• troponymy (n.)
• trough (n.)
• true generalization condition
• T rule (n.)
• truncation (n.)
• truth-conditional semantics
• truth conditions
• truth functional
• truth value
• Turing machine
• turn (n.)
• turn-taking (n.)
• type (n.)
• Type
• typed feature structure language
• type shifting
• type-theoretic grammar
• type/token ratio
• typological linguistics
• U
• ultimate constituent (UC)
• ultrafilter (n.)
• umlaut (n.)
• unaccented (adj.)
• unacceptable (adj.)
• unaccusative (adj./n.)
• unanalysable (adj.)
• unary (adj.)
• unassociated (adj.)
• unbounded dependency
• unchecked (adj.)
• uncontrolled PRO
• uncountable (adj.)
• underextension (n.)
• underlying (adj.)
• underspecification (n.)
• unfooted (adj.)
• ungoverned (adj.)
• ungradable (adj.)
• ungraded antonyms
• ungrammatical (adj.)
• unification (n.)
• unified features
• uniformitarian principle
• uniformity of theta-role assignment hypothesis (UTAH)
• unilateral (adj.)
• uninterruptibility (n.)
• uniplex network
• unit (n.)
• unit noun
• universal (adj./n.)
• universal grammar
• universal grinder
• universal locality condition
• universal quantifier
• universe of discourse
• univocality (n.)
• unmarked (adj.)
• unproductive (adj.)
• unrounded (adj.)
• unstressed (adj.)
• unsyllabified (adj.)
• untensed (adj.)
• unvoiced (adj.)
• update semantics
• upward entailing
• urban dialectology
• usage (n.)
• UTAH
• utterance (n.)
• uvular (adj.)
• V
• V
• vagueness (n.)
• valency (n.)
• valent (n.)
• valid (adj.)
• valley (n.)
• value (n.)
• variable (adj./n.)
• variable binding operator
• variant (adj./n.)
• variation (n.)
• variety (n.)
• velar (adj./n.)
• Velarization
• velaric (adj.)
• velum (n.)
• ventricular (adj.)
• verb (v.) (v, V)
• verbal duelling
• verbal group, verbal cluster
• verbal v. non-verbal communication
• verbal play
• verbless (adj.)
• verb phrase
• verb second (V2)
• vernacular (adj./n.)
• Verner's law
• vertical grouping/splitting
• V forms
• via /vaI/ (adj.)
• violation (n.)
• visibility (n.)
• visual sonority
• vocable (n.)
• vocabulary (n.)
• vocal-auditory channel
• vocal bands
• vocal cords
• vocal folds
• vocal fry
• vocalic (adj.)(voc)
• vocalization (n.)
• vocal lips
• vocal organs
• vocal qualifier
• vocal tract
• vocative (adj./n.)
• vocoid (n.)
• voice (n.)
• voiced (adj.)
• voice dynamics
• voiceless (adj.)
• voice-onset time (VOT)
• voiceprint (n)
• voice qualifier
• voice quality
• voice recognition
• voice set
• voicing (n.)
• voicing lag
• voicing lag
• volition (n.)
• vowel (n.)(V)
• vowel gradation
• vowel harmony
• vowel quadrilateral
• vowel shift
• VP-internal subject hypothesis
• V-place (n.)
• VP shell
• V-slot (n.)
• W
• W
• wanna-contraction (n.)
• wave (n.)
• weak (segments) (adj.)
• weak (syllables) (adj.)
• weak adequacy
• weak form
• weak generative capacity
• weak generative power
• weak stress
• weak verb
• weather it
• weight (n.)
• well formed (adj.)
• wh-
• whistle-speech (n.)
• whiz-deletion (n.)
• Whorfian (adj./n.)
• wh-trace (n.)
• wide (adj.)
• window (n.)
• W-level (n.)
• word (n.)
• word accent
• word and paradigm (WP)
• word association
• word-based morphology
• word-class (n.)
• word-ending (n.)
• word-finding problem
• word-formation (n.)
• word grammar (WG)
• word-order (n.)
• word stress
• w-star languages
• wugs (n.)
• X
• X-bar (adj./n.)
• X-tier (n.)
• Y
• yer (n.)
• yes-no question (y/n)
• yo-ho-ho theory
• Z
• zero (adj./n.)
• zero quotative
• zero resonance (n.)
• zoösemiotics (n.)