The SAGE Encyclopedia of World Poverty, Second Edition addresses the persistence of poverty across the globe while updating and expanding the landmark work, Encyclopedia of World Poverty, originally published in 2006 prior to the economic calamities of 2008. The SAGE Encyclopedia of World Poverty, Second Edition is a dependable source for students and researchers who are researching world poverty, making it a must-have reference for all academic libraries.

Table of Contents

• Reader's Guide
• About the Editor
• List of Contributors
• Introduction
• Chronology
• Volume 1
• A
• Aboriginal Health
• Absenteeism and Child Poverty
• Access-to-Enterprise Zones
• Achievement Gap
• Adams, John (Administration)
• Adams, John Quincy (Administration)
• Adjustment Programs
• Adolescent Girls Initiative
• Adult Literacy Programs
• Affordable Care Act (ObamaCare)
• Afghanistan
• Africa Faith and Justice Network
• African Development Foundation
• Age Discrimination
• Agricultural Technology
• Agriculture
• Agriculture-Nutrition Advantage
• Aid to Families with Dependent Children
• Alabama
• Alaska
• Albania
• Algeria
• Alliance for Excellent Education
• Alliance for International Women's Rights
• Almshouses
• American Friends Service Committee
• American Graduate
• American Samoa
• Ancient Thought
• Andorra
• Angola
• Antigua and Barbuda
• Antipoverty Programs, Asset-Based
• Antipoverty Programs, Community-Based
• Antipoverty Programs, Means-Tested Government
• Antipoverty Programs, Rural
• Antipoverty Programs, Urban
• Apartheid
• Aquinas, Thomas
• Arab Definition of Poverty
• Area Deprivation
• Argentina
• Arizona
• Arkansas
• Armenia
• Arthur, Chester (Administration)
• Australia
• Australian Definition of Poverty
• Austria
• Axiom of Monotonicity and Axiom of Transfers
• Azerbaijan
• B
• Bahamas
• Bahrain
• Bangladesh
• Bankruptcy
• Barbados
• Basic Income
• Basic Needs
• Basic Security
• Belarus
• Belgium
• Belize
• Bellamy, Edward
• Benin
• Beveridge Scheme
• Bhutan
• Big Brothers Big Sisters
• Bioversity International
• Black, Hugo L.
• Bolivia
• Bolsa Familia
• Bosnia and Herzegovina
• Botswana
• Brandeis, Louis D.
• Brazil
• Brazilian Definition of Poverty
• Brotherhood of St. Laurence
• Brunei Darussalam
• Bryan, William Jennings
• Buchanan, James (Administration)
• Bulgaria
• Bureau of Labor Statistics, U.S.
• Burkina Faso
• Burundi
• Bush, George H. W. (Administration)
• Bush, George W. (Administration)
• C
• California
• Calvin, John
• Cambodia
• Cameroon
• Campus Compact
• Canada
• Cape Verde
• Capitalism
• CARE
• Carnegie, Andrew
• Carter, Jimmy (Administration)
• Cash and In-Kind Transfers
• Catastrophic Health Expenditure
• Catholic Campaign for Human Development
• Center for American Progress
• Center for the Study of Urban Poverty
• Center on Budget and Policy Priorities
• Center on Hunger and Poverty
• Central African Republic
• Chad
• Chained Consumer Price Index
• charity: water
• Charity Organization Society
• Child Care
• Child Immunization and Vaccination
• Child Malnutrition
• Child Mortality
• Child Soldiers
• Child Trafficking
• Child Welfare League of America
• ChildLine
• Childreach International
• Children
• Children Out of School
• Children's Aid Society
• Children's Defense Fund
• Children's Hunger Relief
• Chile
• China
• Chinese Definition of Poverty
• Christian Antipoverty Campaigns
• Christian Community Health Fellowship
• Christmas Seals
• Church of England
• Church World Service
• Civic Society
• Class Analysis of Poverty
• Class Structure
• Cleveland, Grover (Administration)
• Clinton, William (Administration)
• Cold War
• Colombia
• Colonialism and Imperialism
• Colorado
• Comic Relief
• Communicable Diseases
• Communism
• Community Development and Poverty Reduction
• Comoros
• Comparative Research Program on Poverty
• Conflict
• Congo
• Congo, Democratic Republic of the
• Congressional Hunger Center
• Connecticut
• Conservatism
• Conspicuous (Status) Consumption
• Consumption Poverty
• Consumption Poverty, Child
• Contextual Poverty
• Contraceptive Prevalence
• Coolidge, Calvin (Administration)
• Corporate Environmentalism
• Corporate Responsibility
• Corruption
• Cost of Living
• Costa Rica
• Côte d'Ivoire
• Coughlin, Charles
• Credit
• Crime
• Croatia
• Cuba
• Cyclical Poverty
• Cyprus
• Czech Republic
• D
• de Soto, Hernando
• Debt
• Debt Relief
• Debt Swap
• Delaware
• Democratic Party, U.S.
• Demographics
• Dengue Fever
• Denmark
• Dependency Ratio
• Dependency School
• Deprivation
• Deprivation, Relative
• Deprivation Index
• Destitution
• Development Aid
• Development Cooperation Forum
• Development Gateway
• Disability
• Disability Insurance
• Disease
• Disease Eradication and Elimination Programs
• Distribution
• Djibouti
• Docs for Tots
• Doha Declaration
• Domestic Violence
• Dominica
• Dominican Republic
• Donnelly, Ignatius
• Donor Aid to Education
• Dropout Rates
• Drought
• Duration of Poverty
• E
• Earned-Income Tax Credit
• Earth Institute
• Economic Definitions of Poverty
• Economic Dependence
• Economic Distance
• Economic Growth
• Economic Growth and Poverty Reduction Strategy
• Economic Growth and Technology
• Economic Inequality
• Economic Insecurity
• Economic Liberalization
• Economic Self-Sufficiency
• Economics of Consumption
• Ecuador
• Education
• Education, Early Childhood
• Education, Primary
• Education, Private and Public
• Education, Secondary
• Education, Tertiary
• Education and Opportunity
• Education and Sustainable Development
• Education and Technology
• Education and Training, Technical and Vocational
• Education Equity
• Education Millennium Development Goals
• Education Premium
• Education Theories
• Educational Praxis
• Educational Vouchers
• Egypt
• Eisenhower, Dwight (Administration)
• El Salvador
• Eliminate Project, The
• Employment
• Employment Policies Institute
• Employment Theory
• End Hunger Network
• Endemic Poverty
• Engel Coefficient
• Engels, Friedrich
• Engineers Without Borders
• Entitlement
• Environmental Degradation
• Environmental Economics
• Environmental Federalism
• Environmental Health
• Environmental Refugees
• Environmentalism, American Radical
• Environmentalism, Civic and Nongovernmental
• Environmentalism, Corporate
• Environmentalism, International
• Environmentalism, Modern
• Environmentalism of the Poor and Economic Justice
• Equality
• Equatorial Guinea
• Equity and Efficiency Tradeoff
• Equity in Health
• Equivalence Scales
• Eritrea
• Estonia
• Ethiopia
• European Relative-Income Standard of Poverty
• European Union Definition of Poverty
• Evans, George Henry
• Exclusion
• Exploitation
• Extended Poverty Minimum
• Extreme Poverty
• Volume 2
• F
• Fabian Society
• Family Budgets
• Family Desertion
• Family Size and Structure
• Famine
• Federal Targeted Training
• Feeding America
• Feinstein Foundation
• Feminist Approaches to Poverty
• Feminization of Poverty
• Feudalism
• Fiji
• Fillmore, Millard (Administration)
• Financial Aid
• Financial Markets
• Financing New Technology
• Finland
• Fiscal Policy
• Florida
• Food Consumption
• Food First
• Food for the Hungry
• Food Research and Action Center
• Food Shortages
• Food Stamps
• Food-Ratio Poverty Line
• Foods Resource Bank
• Ford, Gerald (Administration)
• Foreign Aid
• Foreign Direct Investment
• Foster-Greer-Thorbecke Index
• Foucault, Michel
• Fourth World
• France
• Francis of Assisi
• Franciscan Order
• Frank, Andre Gunder
• Franklin, Benjamin
• Fraud
• Free Trade Agreement of the Americas
• French Revolution
• Friedman, Milton
• Fuel Poverty
• Futures Without Violence
• G
• G-8
• G-8 Africa Action Plan
• Gabon
• Galbraith, John Kenneth
• Gambia
• Gandhi, Mahatma
• Garfield, James (Administration)
• Gastroenteritis
• Gender and Allocation of Time
• Gender and Food Security
• Gender and Land Rights
• Gender Discrimination
• Gender Division of Labor
• Gender Gap in Agriculture
• Gender Poverty Gap
• Gender-Parity Index
• Genetically Modified Organisms
• George, Henry
• Georgia (Country)
• Georgia (U.S. State)
• Germany
• Ghana
• Giddens, Anthony
• Gilder, George
• Gini Coefficient
• Girl Effect Dividend, The
• Global Education First Initiative
• Global Health Initiatives
• Global Poverty Project
• Globalization
• God's Child Project
• Goodwill Industries
• Grameenphone and Telecom
• Grant, Ulysses (Administration)
• Great Depression
• Great Recession (2007–8)
• Great Society Programs
• Greece
• Greeley, Horace
• Green Economy Initiative
• Greenhouse Gas Emissions
• Grenada
• Guam
• Guaranteed Assistance
• Guatemala
• Guinea
• Guinea-Bissau
• Guyana
• H
• Habitat for Humanity
• Haig Fund
• Haiti
• Harding, Warren (Administration)
• Harrington, Michael
• Harrison, Benjamin (Administration)
• Harrison, William (Administration)
• Hawai'i
• Hayes, Rutherford (Administration)
• Head Start
• Headcount Index
• Health, Investment in
• Health-Related Millennium Development Goals
• Heifer Project
• Heilbroner, Robert
• Help the Aged
• HIV/AIDS
• Hobbes, Thomas
• Hobson, John
• Homelessness
• Honduras
• Hoover, Herbert (Administration)
• Household Consumption
• Household Employment
• Household Income
• Household Saving and Dissaving
• Housing Assistance
• Hull House
• Human Capital
• Human Development
• Human Poverty Index
• Human Rights
• Hungary
• I
• Iceland
• Idaho
• Illinois
• Income
• Income Distribution Theories
• Income Inequality
• Income Poverty
• India
• Indiana
• Indicators of Poverty
• Indonesia
• Industrial Revolution
• Industrialization
• Inflation
• Information and Communication Technology
• Institute for Research on Poverty
• Institute for the Study of Homelessness and Poverty
• Institute for Women's Policy Research
• Institute on Metropolitan Opportunity
• Intellectual Property Rights
• Inter-American Development Bank
• Interfaith Worker Justice
• International Food Policy Research Institute
• International Forum for Child Welfare
• International Labor Organization
• International Monetary Fund
• International Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies
• International Rescue Committee
• International Trade
• International Trade, High Technology and
• Intrahousehold Transfers
• Iowa
• Iran
• Iraq
• Ireland
• Irish Famine
• Islam
• Israel
• Italy
• J
• Jackson, Andrew (Administration)
• Jamaica
• Japan
• Jefferson, Thomas (Administration)
• Jesuits
• Johnson, Andrew (Administration)
• Johnson, Lyndon (Administration)
• Joint Center for Political and Economic Studies
• Joint Center for Poverty Research
• Jordan
• Jubilee 2000
• Judaism
• Justice
• K
• Kansas
• Kazakhstan
• Kennedy, John F. (Administration)
• Kentucky
• Kenya
• Kiribati
• Knowledge Poverty
• Kosova
• Kuwait
• Kyrgyzstan
• Volume 3
• L
• Labor Market
• Laissez-Faire
• Land Ownership
• Laos
• Latvia
• Lawyers Without Borders
• Leadership Conference on Civil and Human Rights, The
• Lebanon
• Les Misérables
• Lesotho
• Lewis, Arthur
• Liberia
• Libya
• Liechtenstein
• Lincoln, Abraham (Administration)
• Lingap Children's Foundation
• Literacy and Illiteracy Rates
• Lithuania
• Living Standards Measurement Study
• Living Wage Campaign
• Living Waters for the World
• Locke, John
• Louisiana
• Low-Income Cutoffs
• Lumpenproletariat
• Luxembourg
• Luxemburg, Rosa
• Luxembourg Employment Study
• Luxembourg Income Study
• M
• Macedonia (FYROM)
• Macroeconomic Policies
• Macroeconomics
• Madagascar
• Madison, James (Administration)
• Maine
• Malaria
• Malawi
• Malaysia
• Maldives
• Mali
• Malnutrition
• Malta
• Malthus, Thomas
• Mapping Poverty
• March of Dimes
• Market Efficiency
• Marshall, Alfred
• Marshall Islands
• Marx, Karl
• Maryland
• Massachusetts
• Maternal Mortality and Morbidity
• Mauritania
• Mauritius
• McKinley, William (Administration)
• Means Testing
• Measles
• Measure of Poverty, Capability
• Measurement of Sustainable Development
• Measures of Poverty, Absolute-Income-Based
• Measures of Poverty, Asset-Based
• Measures of Poverty, Consumption-Based
• Measures of Poverty, Cost-of-Living-Based
• Measures of Poverty, Direct and Indirect
• Measures of Poverty, Relative-Income-Based
• Measures of Poverty, Resource-Based
• Measures of Poverty, Subjective
• Measures of Poverty, Totally Fuzzy and Relative
• Médecins Sans Frontières
• Medicaid
• Medical Technology
• Medicare
• Medieval Thought
• Mendicant Orders
• Mercantilism
• Mercy Corps
• Mexico
• Michigan
• Microcredit
• Microeconomics
• Micronesia
• Migration
• Mill, John Stuart
• Millennium Development Goals
• Millennium Promise Alliance
• Millennium Villages Project
• Minimum Wage
• Minnesota
• Missionaries
• Mississippi
• Missouri
• Mobile Phones
• Mobile Technology
• Moldova
• Monaco
• Monetary Policy
• Mongolia
• Monroe, James (Administration)
• Montana
• Morocco
• Mortality Rate
• Mother Teresa
• Mozambique
• Multidimensional Poverty Index
• Myanmar (Burma)
• Myrdal's Theory of Cumulative Causation
• N
• Namibia
• National Alliance to End Homelessness
• National Association for the Advancement of Colored People
• National Association for the Education of Young Children
• National Campaign to Prevent Teen and Unplanned Pregnancy
• National Center for Children in Poverty
• National Coalition for the Homeless
• National Coalition of Barrios Unidos
• National Coalition on Health Care
• National Conference for Community and Justice
• National Economic and Social Rights Initiative
• National Education Association
• National Fatherhood Initiative
• National Health Accounts
• National Low Income Housing Coalition
• National Policies for Education
• National Poverty Center
• National Research Council
• Natural Disaster Refugees
• Natural Resource Management
• Nauru
• Nebraska
• Needs
• Neglected Diseases
• Neoclassical Thought
• Neoliberalism
• Nepal
• Netherlands
• Nevada
• New Hampshire
• New Hope Project (Milwaukee)
• New Jersey
• New Mexico
• New Partnership for Africa's Development
• New Technology: Risks and Gains
• New York
• New Zealand
• Nicaragua
• Niger
• Nigeria
• Nixon, Richard (Administration)
• Nongovernmental Organizations
• Nonincome Poverty
• Nonworking Poor
• Normative Standards
• North American Free Trade Agreement
• North Carolina
• North Dakota
• North Korea
• Northern Mariana Islands
• Norway
• Nutrition
• O
• Ohio
• Oklahoma
• Oman
• Oral Health Care
• Oregon
• Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development
• Outsourcing/Offshoring
• Overall Poverty
• Owen, Robert
• Oxfam
• P
• Pakistan
• Palau
• Palestine
• Panama
• Papua New Guinea
• Paraguay
• Partnership to Cut Hunger and Poverty in Africa
• Pennsylvania
• Pension Programs
• Peripheral Poverty
• Permanent (Collective) Poverty
• Peru
• Philippines
• Physiocrats
• Pierce, Franklin (Administration)
• Planning
• Pneumonia
• Poland
• Polanyi, Karl
• Polio
• Polish Humanitarian Organization
• Polk, James (Administration)
• Pollution
• Poor Laws
• Portugal
• Poverty, Culture of
• Poverty, History of
• Poverty Assessment
• Poverty Clock
• Poverty Gap
• Poverty Gap Index
• Poverty Rate
• Poverty Reduction Strategies
• Poverty Research
• Poverty Threshold
• Poverty Traps
• Prebisch, Raúl
• Presbyterian Hunger Program
• Primary Poverty
• Privatization
• Pro Mujer
• Pro-Poor Growth
• Protestant Churches
• Public Goods
• Public Policy
• Puerto Rico
• Q
• Qatar
• R
• Race, Ethnicity, Immigration, and Women
• Rationing
• Rawls, John
• Reagan, Ronald (Administration)
• Rebuilding Together
• Recession
• Redistribution
• Regulation
• Relative Welfare Index
• Representation
• Reproductive Health and Rights
• Republican Party, U.S.
• Resilience and Education
• Rhode Island
• Ricardo, David
• Romania
• Roosevelt, Franklin (Administration)
• Roosevelt, Theodore (Administration)
• Roy Wilkins Center
• Rural Deprivation
• Rural Development and Poverty Reduction
• Rural Poverty Research Center
• Russia
• Rwanda
• Volume 4
• S
• Saint Kitts and Nevis
• Saint Lucia
• Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
• Salvation Army
• Samaritans
• Samoa
• San Marino
• São Tomé and Príncipe
• Saudi Arabia
• Save the Children
• Scarcity
• School Feeding Programs
• Scientific Definitions of Poverty
• Second Harvest
• Secondary Poverty
• Segregation, School and Housing
• Selectivity
• Sen, Amartya
• Sen Index
• Senate Hunger Caucus
• Senegal
• Sen-Shorrocks-Thon Index
• Sequestration
• Serbia and Montenegro
• Seychelles
• Share Our Strength
• Sierra Leone
• Singapore
• Slovakia
• Slovenia
• Slums
• Smith, Adam
• Social and Solidarity Economy
• Social Assistance
• Social Budgeting
• Social Democracy
• Social Disqualification
• Social Exclusion
• Social Inequality
• Social Insecurity
• Social Media
• Social Movements
• Socialism
• Society of St. Vincent de Paul
• Solar Energy
• Solomon Islands
• Somalia
• South Africa
• South Carolina
• South Dakota
• South Korea
• South Sudan
• Southern Poverty Law Center
• Spain
• Spotlight on Poverty and Opportunity
• Sri Lanka
• Stabilization
• Standard Food Basket
• Standard Food Basket Variant
• Standard of Living
• Starvation
• Stigmatization
• Street Children
• Structural Dependency
• Structuralist School
• Student Attrition Rate
• Sudan
• Supplemental Poverty Measure
• Supplemental Security Income
• Supply-Side Economics
• Suriname
• Sustainable Development, Measurement of
• Swaziland
• Sweden
• Switzerland
• Syria
• Systems Approach for Better Education Results
• T
• Taft, William Howard (Administration)
• Tajikistan
• Tanzania
• Taylor, Zachary (Administration)
• Technological Unemployment
• Technology Absorption and Appropriate Technology
• Technology and Poverty Alleviation
• Technology and Public Policy
• Technology and Replenishable Energy
• Technology Diffusion
• Technology Divide
• Technology Expenditure
• Technology Transfer
• Temporary Assistance for Needy Families
• Tennessee
• Texas
• Thailand
• Third Way
• Thompson, T. Phillips
• Timor-Leste (East Timor)
• TIP Curves
• Togo
• Tonga
• Transition Rate
• Traumatic Poverty
• Trinidad and Tobago
• Truman, Harry (Administration)
• Tuberculosis
• Tunisia
• Turkey
• Turkmenistan
• Tuvalu
• Tyler, John (Administration)
• U
• UBN-PL Method
• Uganda
• Ukraine
• Ultimate Poverty
• Underclass
• Unemployment
• Unemployment Insurance
• UNICEF
• United Arab Emirates
• United Kingdom
• United Methodist Church Initiatives
• United Methodist Committee on Relief
• United Nations Development Programme
• United Nations Development Programme Regional Project for Overcoming Poverty
• United States
• United Students Against Sweatshops
• United Way
• Universal Primary Education
• University of Kentucky Center for Poverty Research
• Uruguay
• USDA Poverty Line
• Utah
• Utopian Socialists
• Uzbekistan
• V
• Vanuatu
• Venezuela
• Vermont
• Vietnam
• Virgin Islands
• Virginia
• Voluntary Poverty
• Vulnerability
• W
• Wage Slavery
• Wallerstein, Immanuel
• Wants
• War
• War on Poverty
• Washington
• Washington, D.C.
• Washington, George (Administration)
• Water
• Water Technology
• Wealth Tax
• Weber, Max
• Welfare Dependence
• Welfare State
• West Virginia
• Wilson, Woodrow (Administration)
• Wisconsin
• Women
• Women, Infants, and Children (WIC)
• Women, Missing
• Women's Empowerment
• Women's Global Empowerment Fund
• WomenWatch
• Workers’ Compensation
• Workforce
• Working Poor
• Work–Welfare Programs
• World Bank
• World Bank New Education Strategy
• World Bank Poverty Lines
• World Concern
• World Economic Forum
• World Food Programme
• World Health Organization
• World Social Forum
• World Trade Organization
• World Vision
• World War I
• World War II
• Wyoming
• Y
• Yemen
• YMCA and YWCA
• Z
• Zambia
• Zimbabwe
• Glossary
• Resource Guide
• Volume 5
• Data
• Central Intelligence Agency World Factbook Country Comparisons
• The World Bank Open Data
• Reports
• U.S. Census Bureau Report “Income, Poverty, and Health Insurance Coverage in the United States: 2012”
• U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics Reports
• International Unemployment Rates and Employment Indexes, Seasonally Adjusted, 2009-2013
• Visual Essay: Comparative Civilian Labor Force: Comparative civilian labor force statistics, 10 countries: a visual essay
• Country Notes and Data Sources: International Comparisons of Annual Labor Force Statistics, 1970-2012
• International Comparisons of Annual Labor Force Statistics, 1970-2012
• Visual Essay: International Labor Markets: A visual essay: international labor market comparisons
• Country Notes and Data Sources: International Comparisons of Hourly Compensation Costs in Manufacturing
• Manufacturing in India: Labor costs in India's organized manufacturing sector
• Youth Labor Market: A portrait of the youth labor market in 13 countries, 1980–2007
• Comparisons of Hours Worked: International comparisons of hours worked: an assessment of the statistics
• International Compensation Costs: Compensation costs in manufacturing across industries and countries, 1975–2007
• International Comparisons of GDP per Capita and per Hour, 1960–2011
• International Indexes of Consumer Prices 18 countries and areas, 1999-2013
• Primary Documents
• Testimony Before the U.S. House of Representatives
• Statement of Jon Baron President, Coalition for Evidence-Based Policy
• Testimony Of Sister Simone Campbell, SSS
• Testimony of Robert Greenstein
• Testimony of Ron Haskins Brookings Institution and Annie E. Casey Foundation Before the Committee on the Budget U.S. House of Representatives January 28, 2014
• Testimony before the Committee on the Budget, U.S. House of Representatives, Washington, D.C. January 28, 2014
• “A Progress Report on the War on Poverty: Lessons from the Frontlines”
• “A Progress Report on the War on Poverty: Reforming Federal Aid” A Hearing Before the House Committee on the Budget