Encyclopedia of Atmospheric Sciences

Editors: Holton, James, Pyle, John and Curry, Judith
Publication Year: 2014
Publisher: Elsevier Science & Technology

Single-User Purchase Price: $3328.80
Unlimited-User Purchase Price: $4993.20
ISBN: 978-0-12-382225-3
Category: Science - Environmental sciences
Image Count: 3824
Video Count: 5
Book Status: Available
Table of Contents

This new edition of the award-winning Encyclopedia of Atmospheric Sciences is fully revised and updated to reflect major advances during the last decade.

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Table of Contents

  • Preface to the First Edition
  • Preface to the Second Edition
  • Editor Biographies
  • Guide to Using the Encyclopedia
  • Permission Acknowledgments
  • AEROSOLS
  • Aerosol–Cloud Interactions and Their Radiative Forcing
  • Aerosol Physics and Chemistry
  • Climatology of Stratospheric Aerosols
  • Climatology of Tropospheric Aerosols
  • Dust
  • Observations and Measurements
  • Role in Radiative Transfer
  • Role in Climate Change
  • Soot
  • Agricultural Meteorology and Climatology
  • ARCTIC AND ANTARCTIC
  • Antarctic Climate
  • Arctic Climate
  • Arctic Haze
  • AIR SEA INTERACTIONS
  • Freshwater Flux
  • Momentum, Heat, and Vapor Fluxes
  • Sea Surface Temperature
  • Surface Waves
  • AVIATION METEOROLOGY
  • Aircraft Emissions
  • Aircraft Icing
  • Aviation Weather Hazards
  • Clear Air Turbulence
  • BASIC ATMOSPHERIC STRUCTURE AND CONCEPTS
  • Beaufort Wind Scale
  • Wind Chill
  • Standard Atmosphere
  • BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLES
  • Sulfur Cycle
  • Bromine
  • Heavy Metals
  • Iodine
  • BOUNDARY LAYER (ATMOSPHERIC) AND AIR POLLUTION
  • Overview
  • Air Pollution Meteorology
  • Coherent Structures
  • Complex Terrain
  • Convective Boundary Layer
  • Microclimate
  • Modeling and Parameterization
  • Observational Techniques In Situ
  • Observational Techniques: Remote
  • Ocean Mixed Layer
  • Stably Stratified Boundary Layer
  • Surface Layer
  • Urban Heat Islands
  • Diurnal Cycle
  • CHEMISTRY OF THE ATMOSPHERE
  • Chemical Kinetics
  • Ion Chemistry
  • Isotopes, Stable
  • Laboratory Kinetics
  • Methane
  • Observations for Chemistry (In Situ): Ozone Sondes
  • Observations for Chemistry (In Situ): Particles
  • Observations for Chemistry (In Situ): Water Vapor Sondes
  • Observations for Chemistry (Remote Sensing): IR/FIR (Satellite, Balloon and Ground)
  • Observations for Chemistry (Remote Sensing): Lidar
  • Observations for Chemistry (Remote Sensing): Microwave
  • Principles of Chemical Change
  • Radioactivity: Cosmogenic Radionuclides
  • Volcanoes: Composition of Emissions
  • Tracers
  • CLIMATE AND CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Overview
  • Carbon Dioxide
  • Climate Feedbacks
  • Climate Prediction: Empirical and Numerical
  • Climate Variability: Decadal to Centennial Variability
  • Climate Variability: Nonlinear and Random Effects
  • Climate Variability: North Atlantic and Arctic Oscillation
  • Climate Variability: Seasonal and Interannual Variability
  • Energy Balance Climate Models
  • Global Impacts of the Madden–Julian Oscillation
  • Greenhouse Effect
  • History of Scientific Work on Climate Change
  • Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change
  • Nuclear Winter
  • Radiative–Convective Equilibrium Climate Models
  • Volcanoes: Role in Climate
  • CLOUDS AND FOG
  • Cloud Modeling
  • Contrails
  • Cloud Microphysics
  • Classification of Clouds
  • Climatology
  • Measurement Techniques In Situ
  • Fog
  • Noctilucent Clouds
  • Stratus and Stratocumulus
  • CRYOSPHERE
  • Glaciers, Topography, and Climate
  • Permafrost
  • Sea Ice
  • Snow (Surface)
  • DATA ASSIMILATION AND PREDICTABILITY
  • Data Assimilation
  • Ensemble-Based Data Assimilation
  • Ensemble Prediction
  • Predictability and Chaos
  • DYNAMICAL METEOROLOGY
  • Overview
  • Acoustic Waves
  • Atmospheric Tides
  • Balanced Flow
  • Baroclinic Instability
  • Coriolis Force
  • Critical Layers
  • Hamiltonian Dynamics
  • Hydraulic Flow
  • Inertial Instability
  • Kelvin–Helmholtz Instability
  • Kelvin Waves
  • Kinematics
  • Laboratory Geophysical Fluid Dynamics
  • Lagrangian Dynamics
  • Potential Vorticity
  • Primitive Equations
  • Quasigeostrophic Theory
  • Rossby Waves
  • Solitary Waves
  • Static Stability
  • Stationary Waves (Orographic and Thermally Forced)
  • Symmetric Stability
  • Vorticity
  • Wave-CISK
  • Wave Mean-Flow Interaction
  • Waves
  • ELECTRICITY IN THE ATMOSPHERE
  • Global Electrical Circuit
  • Ions in the Atmosphere
  • Lightning
  • Sprites
  • Forensic Meteorology
  • GENERAL CIRCULATION OF THE ATMOSPHERE
  • Overview
  • Angular Momentum of the Atmosphere
  • Energy Cycle
  • Weather Regimes and Multiple Equilibria
  • Mean Characteristics
  • Teleconnections
  • GLOBAL CHANGE
  • Climate Record: Surface Temperature Trends
  • Sea Level Change
  • Upper Atmospheric Change
  • Biospheric Impacts and Feedbacks
  • GRAVITY WAVES
  • Overview
  • Buoyancy and Buoyancy Waves: Optical Observations
  • Buoyancy and Buoyancy Waves: Theory
  • Gravity Waves Excited by Jets and Fronts
  • Convectively Generated Gravity Waves
  • HYDROLOGY, FLOODS AND DROUGHTS
  • Overview
  • Deserts and Desertification
  • Drought
  • Flooding
  • Groundwater and Surface Water
  • Modeling and Prediction
  • Palmer Drought Severity Index
  • Soil Moisture
  • LAND-ATMOSPHERE INTERACTIONS
  • Overview
  • Canopy Processes
  • Trace Gas Exchange
  • LIDAR
  • Atmospheric Sounding Introduction
  • Backscatter
  • Differential Absorption Lidar
  • Doppler
  • Raman
  • Resonance
  • Magnetosphere
  • MESOSCALE METEOROLOGY
  • Overview
  • Cloud and Precipitation Bands
  • Gust Fronts
  • Hail and Hailstorms
  • Mesoscale Convective Systems
  • Microbursts
  • Severe Storms
  • Waterspouts
  • Bow Echoes and Derecho
  • Density Currents
  • Convective Storms: Overview
  • MESOSPHERE
  • Atomic Species in the Mesopause Region
  • Ionosphere
  • Metal Layers
  • Polar Summer Mesopause
  • MIDDLE ATMOSPHERE
  • Planetary Waves
  • Polar Vortex
  • Quasi-Biennial Oscillation
  • Semiannual Oscillation
  • Stratospheric Sudden Warmings
  • Transport Circulation
  • Zonal Mean Climatology
  • MOUNTAIN METEOROLOGY
  • Overview
  • Cold Air Damming
  • Downslope Winds
  • Katabatic Winds
  • Land and Sea Breezes
  • Lee Vortices
  • Lee Waves and Mountain Waves
  • Orographic Effects: Lee Cyclogenesis
  • Valley Winds
  • NUMERICAL MODELS
  • Chemistry Models
  • Coupled Ocean-Atmosphere Models: Physical Processes
  • General Circulation Models
  • Methods
  • Model Physics Parameterization
  • Parameter Estimation
  • Parameterization of Physical Processes: Clouds
  • Parameterization of Physical Processes: Gravity Wave Fluxes
  • Parameterization of Physical Processes: Turbulence and Mixing
  • Spectral Models
  • Mesoscale Atmospheric Modeling
  • Cloud-System Resolving Modeling and Aerosols
  • Large-Eddy Simulation
  • Regional Prediction Models
  • Convective Storm Modeling
  • OBSERVATIONS PLATFORMS
  • Balloons
  • Buoys
  • Kites
  • Radiosondes
  • Rockets
  • OCEANOGRAPHIC TOPICS
  • General Processes
  • Surface/Wind Driven Circulation
  • Thermohaline Circulation
  • Water Types and Water Masses
  • OPTICS, ATMOSPHERIC
  • Optical Remote Sensing Instruments
  • Airglow Instrumentation
  • OZONE DEPLETION AND RELATED TOPICS
  • Long-Term Ozone Changes
  • Ozone as a UV Filter
  • Ozone Depletion Potentials
  • Photochemistry of Ozone
  • Stratospheric Ozone Recovery
  • Surface Ozone Effects on Vegetation
  • Surface Ozone (Human Health)
  • PALEOCLIMATOLOGY
  • Ice Cores
  • Varves
  • RADAR
  • Cloud Radar
  • Incoherent Scatter Radar
  • Mesosphere–Stratosphere–Troposphere and Stratosphere–Troposphere Radars and Wind Profilers
  • Meteor Radar
  • Polarimetric Doppler Weather Radar
  • Precipitation Radar
  • Synthetic Aperture Radar (Land Surface Applications)
  • RADIATION TRANSFER IN THE ATMOSPHERE
  • Radiation, Solar
  • Absorption and Thermal Emission
  • Cloud-Radiative Processes
  • Non-Local Thermodynamic Equilibrium
  • Scattering
  • Ultraviolet Radiation
  • Ultraviolet, Surface
  • SATELLITES AND SATELLITE REMOTE SENSING
  • Aerosol Measurements
  • Earth’s Radiation Budget
  • GPS Meteorology
  • Measuring Ozone from Space – TOMS and SBUV
  • Orbits
  • Precipitation
  • Remote Sensing: Cloud Properties
  • Research
  • Surface Wind and Stress
  • Temperature Soundings
  • Water Vapor
  • SOLAR SYSTEM/SUN, ATMOSPHERES, EVOLUTION OF ATMOSPHERES
  • Evolution of Earth’s Atmosphere
  • Planetary Atmospheres: Mars
  • Planetary Atmospheres: Venus
  • Solar Terrestrial Interactions: Climate Impact
  • Solar Winds
  • Meteors
  • STATISTICAL METHODS
  • Empirical Orthogonal Functions and Singular Vectors
  • Data Analysis: Time Series Analysis
  • STRATOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY TOPICS
  • Overview
  • Halogens
  • Halogen Sources, Anthropogenic
  • Halogen Sources, Natural (Methyl Bromide and Related Gases)
  • HOx
  • Hydrogen Budget
  • Reactive Nitrogen (NOx and NOy)
  • Stratospheric Water Vapor
  • STRATOSPHERE/TROPOSPHERE EXCHANGE AND STRUCTURE
  • Global Aspects
  • Local Processes
  • Tropopause
  • SYNOPTIC METEOROLOGY
  • Anticyclones
  • Forecasting
  • Weather Maps
  • Cyclogenesis
  • Extratropical Cyclones
  • Fronts
  • Fronts in the Lower Stratosphere
  • Frontogenesis
  • Jet Streaks
  • Lake-Effect Storms
  • Polar Lows
  • Thermal Low
  • THERMODYNAMICS
  • Humidity Variables
  • Moist (Unsaturated) Air
  • Saturated Adiabatic Processes
  • Thermosphere
  • TROPICAL CYCLONES AND HURRICANES
  • Overview and Theory
  • Hurricane Dynamics
  • Hurricane Predictability
  • Hurricanes: Observation
  • Tropical Cyclogenesis
  • Tropical Cyclones and Climate Change
  • Tropical Cyclones in the Western North Pacific
  • Tropical Cyclones: Secondary Eyewall Formation
  • TROPICAL METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATE
  • El Niño and the Southern Oscillation: Observation
  • El Niño and the Southern Oscillation: Theory
  • Equatorial Waves
  • Hadley Circulation
  • Intertropical Convergence Zone
  • Intraseasonal Oscillation (Madden–Julian Oscillation)
  • Madden–Julian Oscillation: Skeleton and Conceptual Models
  • Monsoon: Overview
  • Monsoon: Dynamical Theory
  • Monsoon: ENSO–Monsoon Interactions
  • Tropical Climates
  • Walker Circulation
  • TROPOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND COMPOSITION
  • Aerosols/Particles
  • Aliphatic Hydrocarbons
  • Aromatic Hydrocarbons
  • Biogenic Hydrocarbons
  • Cloud Chemistry
  • H2
  • Hydroxyl Radical
  • Mercury
  • Oxidizing Capacity
  • Peroxyacetyl Nitrate
  • Sulfur Chemistry, Organic
  • Volatile Organic Compounds Overview: Anthropogenic
  • TURBULENCE AND MIXING
  • Overview
  • Turbulence, Two Dimensional
  • Turbulent Diffusion
  • WEATHER FORECASTING
  • Marine Meteorology
  • Operational Meteorology
  • Seasonal and Interannual Weather Prediction
  • Severe Weather Forecasting
  • Wildfire Weather
  • Inadvertant Weather Modification
  • Appendix 1. Physical Constants
  • Appendix 2. Units and their SI Equivalents
  • Appendix 3. Periodic Table of the Elements
  • Appendix 4. The Geologic Time Scale