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The commemoration of the October Revolution of 1917 when the
Bolsheviks overthrew the Russian government by seizing power in
Petrograd (formerly St. Petersburg, later named Leningrad, and in 1991,
after the collapse of the Communist Party, renamed St. Petersburg). The
coup took place on Nov. 7 (Oct. 25 on the Julian calendar) and through
the years was celebrated as a national holiday marking the start of the
Soviet regime. Celebrations were particularly lavish in Moscow, with
grand military parades and fly-overs and the Soviet leadership
reviewing the parade from atop the Lenin Mausoleum. In Leningrad, the
Soviet Baltic fleet sailed up the Neva to drop anchor across from the
Winter Palace.
All this ended in 1991. With the Soviet Union disintegrating, the
state holiday was still in place, but marches and demonstrations were
banned in Moscow. In the newly renamed St. Petersburg, Mayor Anatoly A.
Sobchak attended Russian Orthodox services (formerly forbidden) with
the Grand Duke Vladimir Kirillovich Romanov, son of a cousin of the
last czar.