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A Japanese national holiday on which medals are awarded by the
government to those who have made special contributions in the fields
of arts and sciences. Winners are not always Japanese; the American
Apollo 11 astronauts—Neil Armstrong, Edwin “Buzz” Aldrin, and Michael
Collins—are among past honorees. This is also the anniversary of the
announcement of Japan’s current constitution in 1946.
The day was formerly celebrated as the birthday of Emperor Meiji,
who ruled from 1868 until his death in 1912, and was the
great-grandfather of Emperor Akihito (b. 1933). The years of his reign
were a time of turning away from feudalism and toward Western
rationalism and science, and were known as the age of bummei-kaika—“civilization and enlightenment.”
Today, this holiday serves to promote the love of freedom, peace and cultural development.